Dianita, Ulfa Ruly (2019) Peningkatan Kualitas Kompos Ampas Kopi Dengan Penambahan Kotoran Ternak Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan Serta Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung manis banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri maupun konsumsi. Produksi jagung manis belum sesuai dengan target produksi pemerintah yaitu sebesar 26 juta ton. Kualitas lahan yang buruk karena rendahnya kandungan bahan organik menjadi salah satu penyebab tidak tercapainya target produksi jagung manis. Limbah ampas kopi dengan penambahan kotoran ternak sebagai kompos merupakan salah satu sumber bahan organik yang dapat memperbaiki kesuburan tanah. Bahan ampas kopi dan kotoran ternak ayam serta sapi perlu melalui proses pengomposan terlebih dahulu untuk meningkatkan kualitas kompos sehingga unsur hara yang terkandung dalam bahan dapat tersedia bagi tanah dan tanaman. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisa kualitas kompos ampas kopi setelah dilakukan pengomposan dengan kotoran ternak, (2) menganalisa pengaruh aplikasi kompos ampas kopi terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh pengaplikasian kompos ampas kopi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahapan. Penelitian tahap pertama berupa pembuatan pupuk kompos dilakukan selama 4 minggu pada bulan April-Mei 2019. Pembuatan kompos dilakukan di UPT Kompos Fakultas Pertanian. Penelitian tahap kedua berupa penanaman jagung manis dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Jatimulyo, Malang pada bulan Mei-Juli 2019. Analisa laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdapat enam perlakuan aplikasi kompos pada tanaman jagung manis yaitu P0 (perlakuan tanpa kompos), P1 (100% ampas kopi), P2 (80% ampas kopi + 10% kotoran sapi + 10% kotoran ayam), P3 (60% ampas kopi + 20% kotoran sapi + 20% kotoran ayam), P4 (40% ampas kopi + 30% kotoran sapi + 30% kotoran ayam), P5 (20% ampas kopi + 40% kotoran sapi + 40% kotoran ayam). Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan 4 kali ulangan. Parameter kualitas kompos yang diamati berupa suhu, pH, C-Organik, N-total, C/N rasio, Ptotal dan K-total. Parameter tanah yang diamati berupa pH, C-Organik, N-total, Ptersedia, K-tersedia. Parameter tanaman yang diamati berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan berat tongkol. Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan ANOVA, kemudian dilakukan uji F taraf 5% dan jika menunjukkan pengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut dengan DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengomposan ampas kopi dan kotoran ternak dapat meningkatkan kualitas kompos, sehingga memenuhi kriteria Standar Baku Mutu pupuk organik menurut SNI-19-7030-2004 dan Permentan/ No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Hasil kompos tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P4 (40% ampas kopi + 30% kotoran sapi + 30% kotoran ayam) dengan nilai pH (7,02), N (2,76%), C-organik (29,46%), C/N (11), P (2,98%), K (1,14%) pada 4 MSP. Kompos ampas kopi berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kimia tanahii (pH, C-Organik, N-total, P-tersedia dan K-tersedia). Pengaruh yang terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan P4 (40% ampas kopi + 30% kotoran sapi + 30% kotoran ayam) dengan nilai pH (6,46), C-organik (2,43%), N-total (0,32%), Ptersedia (32,40 ppm), K-tersedia (2,49 me/100 g). Pengaplikasian kompos perlakuan P4 (40% ampas kopi + 30% kotoran sapi + 30% kotoran ayam) berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan jagung manis (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang). Sedangkan pada parameter berat tongkol perlakuan P4 (40% ampas kopi + 30% kotoran sapi + 30% kotoran ayam) menunjukkan hasil tertinggi.
English Abstract
Sweet corn is widely used as industrial raw material and consumption. But the production is not in accordance with the government's production target of 26 million tons. Poor land quality due to the low organic matter content is one that causes of not achieving the sweet corn production target. Coffee grounds with the addition of livestock manure as compost is one source of organic material that can improve soil fertility. Coffee grounds and livestock manure need to go through a composting process in advance to improve the quality of compost so the nutrients can be available to the soil and plants. The purposes of this study are to (1) analyze the quality of coffee grounds compost after composting with livestock manure, (2) analyze the effect of coffee grounds compost application on the chemical properties of the soil and (3) determine the effect the application of coffee grounds compost on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research consist of two stages. The first stage of the research was composting for 4 weeks in April-May 2019. Composting was carried out at UPT Compost Faculty of Agriculture. The second stage of the research was sweet corn planting in Jatimulyo Experimental Garden, Malang in May-July 2019. Laboratory analysis was carried out at the Soil Chemical Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD), there were six compost application treatments on sweet corn plants namely P0 (control), P1 (100% coffee grounds), P2 (80% coffee grounds + 10% cow dung + chicken dung), P3 (60% coffee grounds + 20% cow dung + 20% chicken dung), P4 (40% coffee grounds + 30% cow dung + 30% chicken dung), P5 (20% coffee grounds + 40% cow dung + 40% chicken dung) . Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The compost quality parameters were temperature, pH, C-Organic, N-total, ratio C/N, P-total and K-total. Soil parameters were pH, C-Organic, N-total, P-available, K-available. Plant parameters were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and cob weight. Then, the data are analyzed by ANOVA, then tested by the F test of 5% level, and if it shows a real effect, the data will be processed by a DMRT test of 5% level. The results showed that the composting of coffee grounds waste and livestock manure can improve the quality of compost, so that match with Quality Standards of Organic Fertilizers’s criteria according to SNI-19-7030-2004 and Permentan/No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. The best compost results were in the P4 treatment (40% coffee grounds + 30% cow dung + 30% chicken dung) with pH value (7,02), N (2.76%), C-organic (29,46%), C/N (11), P (2,98%), K (1,14%). The application of coffee grounds waste compost has a significant effect on the chemical properties of the soil (pH, C-Organic, N-total, P-available and Kavailable). The best effect is in the treatment of P4 (40% coffee grounds + 30% cow dung + 30% chicken dung) with a pH value (6.46), C-Organik (2,87%), Ntotal (0,39%), P-available (39,49 ppm), K-available (3,02 me/100 g). Application of P4 treatment compost (40% coffee grounds + 30% cow dung + 30% chickeniv dung) significantly affected the growth parameters of sweet corn (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter). Whereas the weight parameters of cob found at treatment P5 (20% coffee grounds + 40% cow dung + 40% chicken dung) and P4 treatment (40% coffee grounds + 30% cow dung + 30% chicken dung) showed the best results.
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/894/052000905 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.41 Soil chemistry |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2020 08:03 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 06:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179008 |
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