Ipango, Rahmi (2019) Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Area Danyangan Di Lereng Semeru Barat Kabupaten Malang Sebagai Koridor Burung. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Area sakral adalah salah satu wujud kearifan lokal masyarakat yang memberi dampak positif dalam konservasi lingkungan. Salah satu contoh area yang disakralkan seperti area danyangan. Area danyangan merupakan area yang dianggap sakral dan vegetasi di area tersebut lebih sedikit atau tidak mengalami gangguan, sehingga berpotensi sebagai area konservasi burung. Burung memiliki tanggapan yang berbeda terhadap modifikasi lanskap tergantung pada adaptasi di lingkungan dengan sumber daya yang terbatas. Jika lanskap berubah atau mengalami gangguan, maka komposisi jenis burung yang menghuninya juga akan segera berubah. Respon burung terhadap ketersediaan sumberdaya berbeda-beda dan bergantung pada kondisi habitat burung tersebut. Tinjauan secara spasial dibutuhkan untuk melihat luas dan potensi danyangan di lereng semeru barat dalam upaya konservasi keanekaragaman hayati khususnya burung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis profil dan struktur vegetasi pada area danyangan di lereng Semeru Barat, kabupaten Malang, menganalisis keragaman jenis dan status konservasi burung pada area danyangan di lereng Semeru Barat, kabupaten Malang, serta menyusun strategi konservasi pada area danyangan sebagai area pelestarian burung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai dengan Juni 2018 di sepanjang lereng Semeru Barat yang mencakup wilayah administratif kecamatan Poncokusumo, kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Dalam studi pendahuluan didapatkan 8 lokasi area danyangan yang masih digunakan oleh masyarakat yaitu di Desa Gubugklakah, Dusun Kunci, Dusun Drigu, Desa Poncokusomo, Desa Puthuk, Dusun Wonosari, Dusun Jajang, dan Dusun Aran-aran. Survei burung dilakukan dengan metode point count di sekitar lokasi danyangan. Pengamatan vegetasi dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan ciri-ciri morfologi individu dan difoto sebagai dokumentasi serta melakukan pengukuran parameter untuk menghitung Indeks-indeks tertentu. Analisis burung dan vegetasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Diversitas Hewan Jurusan Biologi UB. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan analisis Sistem Informasi Geografis menggunakan Software Google Earth dan Arcgis untuk mendapatkan Koridor Burung di sekitar area danyangan lereng semeru barat. Analisis SWOT dilakukan untuk mengetahui prioritas strategi yang diperlukan dalam upaya konservasi danyangan sebagai habitat burung. Tercatat 68 jenis jenis tumbuhan yang ditemukan, diantaranya 19 jenis termasuk pohon, 19 jenis termasuk perdu, dan 34 jenis termasuk semak. Jenis-jenis pohon utama di danyangan berbagai lokasi antara lain pohon Preh (Ficus retusa), pohon Beringin (Ficus benjamina), dan pohon Awar-awar (Ficus septica). Pada tingkat perdu, tannaman kopi (Coffea sp.), Kaliandra (Calliandra sp.), dan Puring (Codiaeum variagetum) bergantian mendominasi di masing-masing lokasi danyangan. Penelitian ini juga mencatat 636 individu burung yang terdiri dari 31 jenis jenis, 21 famili dan 9 ordo. Burung-burung yang teridentifikasi didominasi oleh Passeriformes sebanyak 11 famili. Diantaranya yang berstatus dilindungi dan terancam punah yaitu Elang hitam (Ichtinaetus malayensis), Elang Ular Bido (Spilornis cheela), Cekakak sungai (Todiramphus chloris), Alap-alap kawah (Falco peregrinus), Madu Sriganti (Cinnyris jungularis), dan Cekakak Jawa (Halcyon cyanoventris). Jenis-jenis burung yang dilindungi vii tersebut telah dipetakan sehingga dibentuk koridor burung berdasarkan kehadiran burung di tiap lokasi danyangan. Adapun kekuatan dari landskap sekitar area danyangan antara lain indeks keragaman jenis burung relatif tinggi, strata vegetasi di danyangan dan sekitarnya, landskap antar danyangan berada pada lereng semeru barat yang termasuk desa-desa penyangga taman nasional bromo tengger semeru (TNBTS), serta kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap tumbuhan dan hewan area keramat/sakral. Adapun kelemahannya pengelolaan perkebunan yang kurang memperhatikan sisi konservasi, pengalihfungsian tata guna lahan menjadi perkebunan, serta kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap peran burung dalam skema konservasi hutan. Di samping itu, terdapat beberapa peluang seperti potensi Wisata Birdwatching sangat besar dan Pemerintah pusat hingga lokal mulai memiliki kesadaran terhadap perlunya upaya konservasi. Namun masih ada ancaman menurunnya kuantitas dan kualitas koridor hijau burung di sekitar lereng semeru barat serta penurunan populasi burung karena perburuan liar. Analisis SWOT menghasilkan prioritas tindakan sebagai strategi konservasi danyangan sebagai habitat burung secara berurutan (a) Meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat sekitar untuk peduli lingkungan dan koordinasi dengan pihak terkait membentuk Ekowisata berbasis lingkungan dan spiritual; (b) Menjaga pelestarian keanekaragaman vegetasi dan populasi burung; (c) Melakukan penanaman vegetasi pekarangan disekitar area danyangan sebagai habitat dan sumber pakan burung; (d) Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dan peran serta perangkat desa terkait dalam menyediakan sarana dan prasaran pelestarian area danyangan; (e) Pelarangan pengambilan dan perburuan burung dengan membuat peraturan daerah; serta (f) Pemberian sanksi yang tegas bagi masyarakat yang melakukan perburuan liar.
English Abstract
The sacred area is one manifestation of the local wisdom in the community that has a positive impact on environmental conservation. The example of a sacred area was the danyangan area. The danyangan area is an area that is considered sacred and vegetation in the area is less or has no disturbance, so it has the potential to be a bird conservation area. Birds have different responses to landscape modification depending on adaptation in environments with limited resources. If the landscape changes or experiences interference, then the composition of the species that inhabit it will also change soon. The response of birds to the availability of resources varies and depends on the condition of the bird's habitat. A spatial review is needed to see the extent and potential of danyangan on the western semeru slopes in an effort to conserve biodiversity, especially birds. This study aims to analyze the types of vegetation profiles and structures in the area on the slopes of Semeru Barat, Malang regency, to analyze the diversity of species and conservation status of birds in the area on the slopes of Semeru Barat, Malang regency, and to develop a conservation strategy in the area as an area bird conservation. The research was carried out in December 2017 until June 2018 along the Western area of Mt. Semeru which covers the administrative area of Poncokusumo sub-district, Malang regency, East Java. In the preliminary study, 8 area locations were found that were still used by the community, namely in Gubugklakah, Kunci, Drigu, Poncokusomo, Puthuk, Wonosari, Jajang and Aran-aran. Bird surveys were carried out using the point count method around the danyangan location. Vegetation observation was carried out by observing individual morphological characteristics and being photographed as documentation and measuring parameters to calculate certain indices. Bird and vegetation analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Ecology and Animal Diversity, Department of Biology, UB. Spatial analysis was carried out by analysis of the Geographic Information System using Google Earth and Arcgis Software to obtain Bird Corridors around the area of the western Semeru slopes. SWOT analysis is carried out to determine the priority strategies needed in the danyangan conservation effort as a bird habitat. 68 species of plant species were found, including 19 species including trees, 19 species including shrubs, and 34 species including shrubs. The main types of trees in various locations include Preh trees (Ficus retusa), Banyan trees (Ficus benjamina), and Awar-awar trees (Ficus septica). At the level of shrubs, coffee plants (Coffea sp.), Kaliandra (Calliandra sp.), And Croton (Codiaeum variagetum) alternately dominate in each danyangan location. The study also recorded 636 individual birds consisting of 31 species, 21 families and 9 orders. The birds identified were dominated by Passeriformes as many as 11 families. Among them are protected and endangered status, namely Black Hawk (Ichtinaetus malayensis), Eagle Bido Snake (Spilornis cheela), River Checkak (Todiramphus chloris), Alap-alap crater (Falco peregrinus), Sriganti Honey (Cinnyris jungularis), and Javanese Checks ( Halcyon cyanoventris). The species of protected birds have been mapped so that bird corridors are formed based on the presence of birds in each danyangan location. The strengths of the landscape around the area include the relatively high bird diversity index, the vegetation strata in and around the surrounding area, the inter-Danyangan landscape ix located on the western Semeru slopes, including the bromo tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS), as well as community trust in sacred / sacred plants and animals. The weaknesses of plantation management are not paying attention to the conservation side, the conversion of land use functions to plantations, and the lack of public understanding of the role of birds in forest conservation schemes. In addition, there are several opportunities such as the potential for birdwatching tourism is very large and the central government to the local government has begun to have awareness of the need for conservation efforts. But there is still a threat of decreasing the quantity and quality of green bird corridors around the western slopes of Semeru and the decline in bird populations due to poaching. SWOT analysis generates priority actions as danyangan conservation strategies as sequential bird habitat (a) Increases the participation of the surrounding community to care for the environment and coordination with related parties to form environmental and spiritual based Ecotourism; (b) Maintaining the preservation of vegetation diversity and bird populations; (c) Planting garden vegetation around the danyangan area as a habitat and source of bird feed; (d) Increasing public awareness and the participation of related village officials in providing area and area conservation facilities and infrastructure; (e) Prohibition of taking and hunting birds by making regional regulations; and (f) Provision of strict sanctions for people who carry out illegal hunting.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/639.978/IPA/k/2019/041904854 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | HABITAT CONSERVATION, CONSERVATION |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.9 Conservation of biological resources > 639.97 Specific kinds of animals > 639.978 Attracting birds |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Dec 2019 00:56 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Dec 2019 00:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/177197 |
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