Rachma, Izza Azkiya (2019) Korelasi antara Komponen Hasil dan Hasil pada Tanaman Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) Generasi CT2 dan CT1(CT1). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) merupakan tanaman yang berperan penting dalam industri minyak. Biji jarak kepyar mengandung minyak berkisar antara 46 – 57% yang disebut dengan minyak castor. Minyak yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri asam lemak hidroksi yang dimanfaatkan dalam bidang farmasi, kosmetik, tekstil maupun otomotif. Bagian batang tanaman ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kertas atau cardboard. Di Indonesia tanaman jarak kepyar memiliki tingkat produktivitas yang masih tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman perkebunan semusim lainnya seperti tebu, tembakau, sereh wangi dan nilam. Dalam Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia (2013) disebutkan bahwa tanaman jarak kepyar hanya memiliki nilai produktivitas sebesar 0,333 ton/ha. Data yang disajikan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2017 juga menunjukkan bahwa angka produktivitas tanaman jarak kepyar tahun 2011 – 2015 cenderung mengalami penurunan di saat kebutuhan semakin meningkat. Sehingga diperlukan usaha peningkatan produksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang semakin meningkat, salah satunya dengan perakitan varietas unggul dalam kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman melalui seleksi. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan seleksi, pemulia dihadapkan pada masalah saat menentukan pilihan karakter tanaman yang dianggap unggul. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui secara baik hubungan antara komponen hasil dengan hasil pada tanaman yang diseleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter komponen hasil yang berkorelasi terhadap hasil pada setiap aksesi dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan korelasi komponen hasil terhadap hasil masing-masing aksesi dua populasi jarak kepyar, yaitu populasi CT2 dan CT1(CT1). Hipotesis dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat komponen hasil yang berkorelasi terhadap hasil pada setiap aksesi dan terdapat perbedaan korelasi komponen hasil terhadap hasil pada masing-masing aksesi dua populasi jarak kepyar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 – April 2019 di Kebun Percobaan Jatimulyo Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Desa Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu Urea, SP-36, KCl, air, pestisida, panduan Descriptor Draft National Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) dan Draft International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). Bahan tanam yang digunakan yaitu 2 populasi jarak kepyar generasi ke-3 CT2 dan CT1(CT1) yang terdiri dari 8 aksesi pada setiap populasi dan 20 tanaman untuk setiap aksesi. Alat yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini diantaranya cangkul, cetok, polybag, gembor, sprayer, meteran, jangka sorong, timbangan digital, papan penanda, kamera, alat tulis dan amplop kertas. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode single plant dengan total individu yang diamati sebanyak 320 tanaman jarak kepyar. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter-karakter agronomi yang bersifat kuantitatif berdasarkan panduan Descriptor Draft National Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) dan Draft International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). Variabel pengamatan yang digunakan meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah lobus, panjang petiol (cm), jumlah tandan per tanaman, panjang tandan (cm), jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, panjang pedikel (cm), panjang kapsul (mm), ketebalan biji (mm), dan bobot biji per tanaman. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisa korelasi fenotipik dan analisa regresi. Uji nyata atau uji t juga dilakukan sebagai uji signifikansi terhadap hasil analisa korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan koefisiensi korelasi pada masing-masing aksesi tanaman jarak kepyar, sehingga hasil analisis korelasi pada masing-masing aksesi hanya berlaku pada aksesi tersebut. Selain itu jumlah buah per tanaman dan jumlah biji per tanaman diketahui memiliki koefisien korelasi positif yang signifikan terhadap hasil pada hampir setiap aksesi. Karakter komponen hasil berupa jumlah buah per tanaman pada semua aksesi memiliki koefisien korelasi positif yang signifikan terhadap hasil kecuali pada aksesi CT1(CT1)Thaidwarf, CT1(CT1)Jayas dan CT2Thaidwarf. Koefisien korelasi positif sempurna yang signifikan juga diketahui terdapat di antara komponen hasil yaitu jumlah buah dan jumlah biji pada aksesi CT1(CT1)ASB81, CT2C1012 dan CT2C856. Sedangkan pada aksesi CT2ASB81 terdapat karakter jumlah lobus yang tidak memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi. Kemudian dari hasil analisis koefisien regresi yang dilakukan juga dapat diketahui bahwa setiap aksesi tanaman jarak kepyar memiliki nilai koefisien determinasi, koefisien regresi dan intersep baik positif ataupun negatif yang berbeda. Namun dapat diketahui juga bahwa pada beberapa karakter terdapat nilai koefisien determinasi 0, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakter tersebut tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil. Selain itu dapat diketahui juga bahwa terdapat beberapa karakter yang memiliki hubungan kuat pada beberapa aksesi karena memiliki nilai koefisien determinasi lebih dari 0,60, seperti pada karakter jumlah tandan, tinggi tandan, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman dan panjang kapsul. Pada karakter jumlah biji per tanaman diketahui memiliki hubungan yang kuat hingga sangat kuat terhadap hasil pada setiap aksesi tanaman jarak kepyar. Dimana hubungan sangat kuat (R2 = 0,80 – 1,00) dengan nilai koefisien regresi positif antara komponen hasil jumlah biji dengan hasil pada masing-masing aksesi tanaman jarak kepyar lebih mendominasi daripada hubungan yang kuat, sehingga dapat disimpulkan apabila jumlah biji meningkat maka hal tersebut akan menyebabkan peningkatan terhadap hasil tanaman jarak kepyar.
English Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant that has an important role in the oil industry. Castor oil seeds contain oil ranging from 46 - 57% which is called castor oil. The oil produced can be used in meeting the needs of the hydroxy fatty acid industry that is utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and automotive fields. The stem of this plant can also be used as paper or cardboard material. In Indonesia, the jatropha plant has a relatively low level of productivity when compared to other annual plantation crops such as sugar cane, tobacco, fragrant lemongrass and patchouli. In the Indonesian Plantation Statistics (2013) it is stated that castor plant has only a productivity value of 0.333 tons / ha. Data presented by the Central Statistics Agency in 2017 also shows that the productivity rate of jatropha plant in 2011 - 2015 tends to decrease when the demand is increasing. So the efforts are needed to increase production to meet the ever increasing needs, one of the efforts is by assembling superior varieties in plant breeding activities through selection. In conducting the selection activities, breeders are faced with problems when determining the choice of plant characters that are considered superior. Therefore, it is necessary to know the relationship between yield components and yields on selected plants. This study aims to determine the character of the yield components that correlate with the yield of each accession and to determine the differences in the correlation of yield components with the yield of each accession on the two castor populations, namely the population of CT2 and CT1(CT1). The hypothesis of this research is that there are yield components that correlates with the yield of each accession and there is a difference in the correlation of the yield components with the results of each accession on the two castor populations. This research was conducted in December 2018 - April 2019 at the Jatimulyo Experimental Garden, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, located in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. The materials used are Urea, SP-36, KCl, water, pesticides, Descriptor Draft National Guidelines guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) and Draft International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). The planting material used is 2 populations of 3rd generation castor plant CT2 and CT1(CT1) consisting of 8 accessions in each population and 20 plants for each accession. The tools used in the implementation of this study include hoes, pockers, polybags, sprayers, sprayers, gauges, calipers, digital scales, marker boards, camera, stationery and paper envelopes. This research was conducted using a single plant method with a total number of individuals observed as many as 320 kepyar jatropha plants. Observations were made on quantitative agronomic characters based on the Draft National Draft Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability of Castors (Ricinus communis L.) and the Draft International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). Observation variables used included plant height (cm), number of lobes, petiole length (cm), number of bunches per plant, bunch length (cm), number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per plant, pedicle length (cm), capsule length (mm), seed thick (mm) and weight of seeds per plant. Observational data obtained were analyzed using phenotypic correlation analysis and regression analysis. Real test or t test is also done as a significance test of the results of correlation analysis. The results showed that there were differences in correlation coefficients in each of the castor plant accessions, so the results of the correlation analysis for each accession only applied to the accessions. In addition, the number of fruits per plant and the number of seeds per plant are known to have a significant positive correlation coefficient on yields on almost every accession. Characteristics of yield components in the form of the number of fruits per plant with the yield on have a significant positive correlation coefficient all accessions except for accessions CT1(CT1)Thaidwarf, CT1(CT1)Jayas and CT2Taidwarf. Significantly positive positive correlation coefficients are also known to exist among the yield components, namely the number of fruits and the number of seeds on accessions CT1(CT1)ASB81, CT2C1012 and CT2C856. Whereas in CT2ASB81 accession there are characters of the number of lobes that do not have correlation coefficient values. Then from the results of the analysis of the regression coefficients carried out it can also be seen that each accession of the castor plant has a different coefficient of determination, regression coefficient and intercept both positive or negative. But it can also be seen that in some characters there is a coefficient of determination 0, so it can be concluded that the character has no effect on the results. In addition, it can also be seen that there are some characters that have a strong relationship on several accessions because they have a coefficient of determination of more than 0.60, such as the characteristics of the number of bunches, bunch height, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per plant and capsule length. The character of the number of seeds per plant is known to have a strong to very strong relationship to the results on each castor plant accession. Where the relationship is very strong (R2 = 0.80 - 1.00) with a positive regression coefficient between the yield components of the number of seeds with the results in each castor plant accession is more dominant than a strong relationship, so it can be concluded if the number of seeds increases then This will cause an increase in the yield of castor plants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/832/051909745 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Feb 2022 06:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/174983 |
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