A’yun, Norma Qurrota (2019) Pengaruh Sistem Tanam dan Mulsa terhadap Intersepsi Radiasi Matahari pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L. var. indurata) Varietas BISI 18. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung (Zea mays L. var. indurata) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan terpenting kedua setelah padi, di Indonesia jagung digunakan sebagai makanan pokok di beberapa daerah. Komoditas jagung merupakan komoditas multifungsi atau biasa disebut dengan 4F, yakni untuk pangan (food), pakan (feed), bahan bakar (fuel) dan bahan baku industri (fiber) (Panikkai et al., 2017). Seiring dengan perkembangan sektor peternakan dan industri pangan, maka kebutuhan jagung akan mengalami peningkatan. Tanaman jagung secara umum dibudidayakan dengan sistem tanam baris tunggal atau single row dengan jarak tanam 70 cm x 30 cm atau 80 cm x 30 cm. Jarak tanam yang renggang menyebabkan penangkapan intensitas radiasi matahari pada tajuk tanaman kurang efisien pada awal pertumbuhan dan menyebabkan tajuk saling menaungi pada fase pertumbuhan cepat. Hal ini disebabkan bentuk tajuk tanaman jagung yang relatif horizontal. Sehingga daun bagian bawah tanaman sedikit menerima cahaya matahari dan menyebabkan laju proses fotosintesis daun bagian bawah menurun (Sugito, 2012). Guna meningkatkan pemanfaatan radiasi matahari perlu penerapan teknologi untuk memanipulasi lingkungan tumbuh pada budidaya tanaman jagung. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan cahaya pada tanaman jagung adalah pengaturan sistem tanam dan penggunaan mulsa pada budidaya tanaman jagung. Pada umumnya terdapat dua sistem tanam yang banyak dikenal masyarakat, yakni sistem tanam single row dan double row atau biasa disebut dengan istilah jajar legowo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi antara sistem tanam dan jenis mulsa terhadap intersepsi radiasi matahari pada tanaman jagung. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah penerapan sistem tanam double row dan pemberian mulsa plastik hitam perak dapat meningkatkan intersepsi radiasi matahari dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung varietas BISI 18. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2019. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi cangkul, tangkil, ember, meteran, gunting, timbangan analitik tipe Scout Pro, oven tipe DHG 9220(A), lux meter tipe LX-1010B, LAM (leaf area meter) tipe LI-3100C Brochure, knapsack sprayer, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi benih jagung hibrida varietas BISI 18, jerami, mulsa plastik hitam perak, pupuk urea (46% N), pupuk SP36 (36% P2O5), pupuk KCl (60% K2O), pupuk kandang, amplop, alvaboard, pestisida dan fungisida. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri dari single row + tanpa mulsa (A), single row + mulsa organik (B), single row + mulsa plastik hitam perak (C), double row + tanpa mulsa (D), double row + mulsa organik (E) dan double row + mulsa plastik hitam perak (F). Pengamatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi pengamatan pertumbuhan, pengamatan panen, dan pengamatan lingkungan. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif pada umur 30, 45, 60, 75 dan 90 hst. Parameter pertumbuhan meliputi, jumlah daun per tanaman, luas daun per tanaman, indeks luas daun (ILD), luas daun spesifik (LDS), berat kering total tanaman dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman (LPT). Parameter pengamatan panen meliputi, berat kering 1000 biji, berat kering biji per tanaman, berat kering biji per m2, produksi per hektar dan indeks panen (IP). Sedangkan parameter pengamatan lingkungan meliputi efisiensi intersepsi (Ei) dan cahaya pantul (albedo). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah kombinasi sistem tanam double row dengan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi luas daun, indeks luas daun,berat kering total tanaman dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman kombinasi perlakuan double row + mulsa plastik hitam perak diikuti kombinasi perlakuan single row + mulsa plastik hitam perak memiliki hasil terbaik. Hasil parameter panen meliputi berat kering 1000 biji, berat kering biji per tanaman, berat kering biji per petak dan hasil panen per hektar menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan double row + mulsa plastik hitam perak memiliki hasil terbaik. Kombinasi perlakuan double row + mulsa plastik hitam perak memiliki produksi tertinggi, yakni 9,29 ton ha-1, intersepsi radiasi matahari tertinggi sebesar 95,57% dan albedo sebesar 47,82%.
English Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L. var. indurata) is one of the second most important food commodities after rice, especially in Indonesia corn is used as a staple food in several regions. Corn commodity is a multifunctional commodity or commonly referred to as 4F, namely for food, feed, fuel and industrial raw materials (fiber) (Panikkai et al., 2017). Along with the development of the livestock sector and the food industry, the need for corn will increase. Maize plants are usually cultivated with a single row planting system or a spacing of 70 cm x 30 cm or 80 cm x 30 cm. Spaced spacing causes the capture of the intensity of solar radiation in the plant canopy less efficiently at the beginning of growth and causes the canopy to shade each other in the exponential phase. This is due to the relatively horizontal shape of corn canopy plants. So that the lower leaves of the plant receive less sunlight and cause the rate of photosynthesis of the lower leaves (Sugito, 2012). To increase the utilization of solar radiation, it is necessary to apply technology to manipulate the growing environment in corn cultivation. The technology that can be applied to optimize the use of light in maize plants is the regulation of planting systems and the use of mulch in maize cultivation. In general, there are two planting systems that are widely known to the public, namely the single row and double row planting systems or commonly referred to as jajar legowo. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of a combination of planting systems and types of mulch on the interception of solar radiation in maize plants. The hypothesis proposed is the application of double row planting systems and silver black plastic mulch can increase the interception of solar radiation and increase the production of BISI 18 corn varieties. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya located in Jatimulyo village, Lowokwaru district, Malang city from February to June 2019. The equipment used in the study included hoes, rods, buckets, meters, scissors, analytical scales type Scout Pro, oven type DHG9220(A), lux meters type LX-1010B, LAM (leaf area meters) type LI-3100C, knapsack sprayers, stationery and cameras. Materials used in the study included hybrid corn seeds of BISI 18 variety, straw, silver black plastic mulch, urea fertilizer (46% N), SP36 fertilizer (36% P2O5), KCl fertilizer (60% K2O), manure, envelope, alvaboard pesticides and fungicides. This research used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 6 combinations of treatments with 4 replications. The treatments consist of single row + without mulch (A), single row + organic mulch (B), single row + black silver plastic mulch (C), double row + without mulch (D), double row + organic mulch (E) and double row + silver black plastic mulch (F). Observations that will be made in this study include observations of growth, observations of harvest, and environmental observations. Observations were carried out destructively on age 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 hst. Growth parameters include, the number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), total dry weight of plants and crop growth rate (CGR). The harvest observation parameters include, dry weight of 1000 seeds, dry weight of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per harvest plot, yields per hectare and harvest index (HI). While the parameters of environmental observations include the efficiency of interception (Ei) and reflected light (Albedo). The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) at 5% level to determine the effect of treatment. If there is influence, further tests are conducted with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at the level of 5%. The results showed that combination of planting system and the use of mulch had an influence on growth, yield and environment in the BISI 18 maize varieties. Based on the results of the study, the growth parameters included leaf area, leaf area index, total plant dry weight and plant growth rate of the treatment combination. double row + silver black plastic mulch followed by a combination of single row + silver black plastic mulch has the best results. Yield parameters include dry weight of 1000 seeds, dry weight of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per plot and yields per hectare show that the combination of double row + silver black plastic mulch has the best results. The combination of double row + black silver plastic mulch has the highest production which 9,29 ton ha-1, solar radiation interception, which is 95,57% and albedo of 47,82%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/821/051909711 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/174796 |
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