Awaliah, Nadya (2019) Kandungan NPK Material Letusan Gunung Kelud dan Serapan NPK Pakcoy akibat Aplikasi Bahan Organik Baru pada Residu Pupuk Anorganik dan Paitan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Erupsi Gunung Kelud mengakibatkan infrastruktur mengalami kerusakan dan seluruh kegiatan masyarakat menjadi terhambat, tidak terkecuali di bidang pertanian. Lahan terdampak erupsi yang tertimbun oleh penambahan abu vulkanik dan material pasir memberikan dampak negatif pada kesuburan tanah. Upaya perbaikan tanah terdampak bahan letusan Gunung Kelud dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan bahan organik. Penambahan bahan organik dapat mempercepat proses pelapukan pada material letusan dan meningkatkan unsur hara tersedia bagi tanaman. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi bahan organik pupuk kandang sapi maupun paitan dengan atau tanpa pupuk anorganik mampu memperbaiki kandungan hara pada material letusan serta meninggalkan residu hara pada tanah terdampak material letusan. Hal tersebut mendasari penelitian lanjutan untuk mengkaji ketersediaan efek residu dari penambahan bahan organik dengan anorganik pada tanah terdampak material letusan untuk musim tanam kedua dengan tanaman indikator yang digunakan adalah pakcoy. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Maret 2019 di rumah kaca milik Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan acak lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari sepuluh perlakuan dan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Perlakuan merupakan kombinasi antara residu material letusan pada berbagai dosis pupuk anorganik (R100: Urea 400 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, dan KCl 75 kg ha-1; R70: Urea 280 kg ha-1, SP-36 105 kg ha-1 dan KCl 52,5 kg ha-1; R40: Urea 160 kg ha-1, SP-36 60 kg ha-1 dan KCl 30 kg ha-1) dan penambahan bahan organik baru (BPk: pupuk kandang sapi; BTs: Tithonia diversifolia segar). Pengaplikasian bahan organik baru dilakukan secara homogen dengan dosis rekomendasi pupuk organik yaitu 20 t ha-1 kemudian dilakukan inkubasi selama dua minggu sebelum dilakukan penanaman. Sampel tanah diambil sebanyak tiga kali (2, 4, dan 8 minggu setelah inkubasi) pada tiap perlakuan untuk analisa kandungan hara NPK tanah. Analisa kandungan hara dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya dengan metode Kjeldahl (N-total), P-Bray 1 (P-tersedia), NH4OAc 1 N pH 7 flamephotometer (K-tersedia) dan pada tanaman dilakukan analisis serapan hara NPK (6 minggu setelah tanam) dengan metode pengabuan basah. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) taraf 0,05 menggunakan aplikasi Genstat Discovery 18th Edition kemudian dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT dengan taraf 0,05. Uji Korelasi dan Regresi dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar parameter dan besarnya pengaruh antar parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residu pupuk anorganik (semua dosis) dengan paitan pada tanah terdampak material letusan Gunung Kelud masih tersedia untuk pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy pada 2, 4, dan 8 MSI dengan kandungan N-total (0,03-0,04%), P-tersedia (84,7-88,1 ppm), dan K-tersedia (0,19-0,32 me 100g-1). Kandungan N-total tertinggi pada R40B0, P-tersedia pada R100B0, R70B0 dan R40B0 tidak berbeda nyata, dan K-tersedia tertinggi pada R70B0. Penambahan bahan organik baru pupuk kandang sapi dan paitan sama-sama mampu meningkatkan kandungan NPK tanah pada 2, 4, 8 MSI dan serapan hara oleh tanaman pakcoy. Peningkatan kandungan N-total (0,04-0,06%), P-tersedia (91,8-112,9 ppm), dan K-tersedia (0,31-0,49 me 100g-1) lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa penambahan bahan organik baru dan kontrol (100% pupuk anorganik) pada 8 MSI. Peningkatan serapan hara N (17,7-25,8 mg tan-1), serapan hara P (1,18-1,65 mg tan-1), dan serapan hara K (1,43-2,34 mg tan-1) lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa penambahan bahan organik baru dan kontrol. Kandungan NPK tanah dan serapan hara oleh tanaman pakcoy tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan penambahan bahan organik baru pupuk kandang sapi.
English Abstract
The eruption of Mt. Kelud has caused infrastructure damaged and all the community activities have been hampered, including in the agriculture sector. An eruption-affected land buried by the addition of volcanic ashes and sand material gave a negative impact on soil fertility. Adding organic matter has the benefit of increasing soil fertility in the impacted area of Mt. Kelud. The addition of organic matter can accelerate the weathering process in eruption materials and increase the nutrients available for the crops. Previous research has shown that the application of organic manure from both cow and Tithonia diversifolia with or without inorganic fertilizers can improve nutrient contents in eruption materials and leave nutrient residues on the soil in the impacted area. Due to the fact of that underlies further research to examine the availability of residual effects from the addition of organic matter combined with inorganic fertilizer to the soil affected by eruption material of Mt. Kelud for the second planting season with indicator crops used is pakcoy. The study was conducted on December 2018 through March 2019 in a greenhouse owned by the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. A completely randomized design was used, consisted of ten treatments with three replications each. The treatments were combination of eruption material residues at various doses of inorganic fertilizer (R100: Urea 400 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, dan KCl 75 kg ha-1; R70: Urea 280 kg ha-1, SP-36 105 kg ha-1 dan KCl 52,5 kg ha-1; R40: Urea 160 kg ha-1, SP-36 60 kg ha-1 dan KCl 30 kg ha-1) and addition of new organic matter (BPk: cow manure; BTs: fresh Tithonia diversifolia). The application of new organic matters are carried out homogeneously with reference to the recommended dosage of organic fertilizer which is 20 t ha-1 which then incubated for two weeks before planting. The soil sample was taken in each treatment to analyze the NPK content of soils, three times (2, 4 and 8 weeks after incubation). Nutrient content analysis was carried out at the Chemical Laboratory, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, used methods i.e. Kjeldahl (N-total), P-Bray 1 (P-available), NH4OAc 1 N pH 7 flamephotometer (K-available) and analysis of NPK nutrient uptake (6 weeks after planting) using the wet digestion method. Data results of the research were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method with a level of 0,05 using the Genstat Discovery 18th Edition application and Duncan multiple range test with a level of 0,05. Correlation and Regression Tests are performed to determine the relationship between parameters and the magnitude of the influenced between parameters. The result showed that residues of inorganic fertilizers (all doses) with Tithonia diversifolia on soils affected by the eruption materials of Mt. Kelud are still available for the growth of pakcoy plants on 2, 4, and 8 weeks after incubation with N-total content (0,03-0,04%), P-available (84,7-88,1 ppm), and K-available (0,19-0,32 me 100g-1). The highest N-total content is on R40B0, P-available is on R100B0, R70B0 and R40B0 were not significantly different, and K-available is on R70B0. Addition of new organic matters both cow manure and Tithonia diversifolia are equally capable of increased soil NPK contents on 2, 4, 8 weeks after incubation and pakcoy nutrients uptake. Enhancement of N-total content (0,04-0,06%), P-available (91,8-112,9 ppm), and K-available (0,31-0,49 me100g-1) higher than without the addition of new organic matters and control treatments (100% inorganic fertilizer) on 8 weeks after incubation. Enhancement of Nitrogen nutrient uptake (17,7-25,8 mg plant-1), Phosphor nutrient uptake (1,18-1,65 mg plant-1), and Kalium nutrient uptake (1,43-2,34 mg plant-1) higher than without the addition of new organic matter and control treatments. NPK soil contents and nutrients uptake by pakcoy plants was highest in the treatment of adding new organic material which is cow manure.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/812/051909691 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity > 631.422 Soil fertility |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 19 May 2022 06:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/174760 |
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