Maranditya, Berliananda (2019) Pemanfaatan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas dan Ketahanan Bibit Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tungro merupakan penyakit tanaman padi yang disebabkan oleh Rice tungro bacilliform dan spherical virus. Kedua virus dapat ditularkan oleh beberapa jenis wereng hijau Nephotettix virescens Distant, N. nigropictus Stal, N. cincticeps Uhler N. malayanus Ishihara secara semipersisten. Penyakit tersebut telah menyebar pada tanaman padi sawah hampir diseluruh Indonesia. Stadia pertumbuhan tanaman yang paling rentan adalah pembibitan, dimana kisaran kehilangan hasil pada stadia infeksi dari 2-12 minggu setelah tanam (MST) antara 86% sampai dengan 90%. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya PGPR Pseudomonas fluorescens mampu menekan serangan tungro pada padi varietas Inpari -4 dan 5. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dikembangkan untuk mengetahui potensi pada padi varietas rentan lainnya, yaitu varietas Inpari 33. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh PGPR dari mikroba P.fluorescens terhadap ketahanan bibit akan serangan penyakit tungro pada proses pembibitan dan peran bagi pertumbuhan tanaman dalam menyediakan bibit sehat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019 di Laboraturium Sentral Hayati, Laboratorium Toksikologi dan Rumah Kaca, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Univeritas Brawijaya. Metode penelitian meliputi persiapan penelitian yang terdiri dari tiga kegiatan utama yakni penyediaan vektor N. virescens, penyediaan inokulum penyakit tungro dan persiapan media tanam. Pada pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari pengaplikasian PGPR pada benih, inokulasi virus tungro, monitoring bakteri, dan pemeliharaan bibit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 0,5x1010 CFU/ml, 1x1010 CFU/ml, 2x1010 CFU/ml, 3x1010 CFU/ml, 4x1010 CFU/ml dan tanpa PGPR.Variabel penelitian meliputi; masa inkubasi penyakit tungro, kejadian penyakit tungro, kadar asam salisilat bibit padi, kecepatan pertumbuhan benih, tinggi bibit dan jumlah daun bibit padi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan benih menggunakan PGPR berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kualitas bibit dan meningkatkan ketahanan dengan menekan kejadian penyakit tungro. Pemberian P.fluorescens pada benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu masa inkubasi penyakit tungro, kejadian penyakit tungro, dan kadar asam salisilat pada daun bibit padi. Aktivitas peningkatan ketahanan diduga disebabkan oleh mekanisme ketahanan terinduksi dan peningkatan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti asam salisilat yang disebabkan oleh asosiasi tanaman dengan bakteri P.fluorescens. Perlakuan benih dengan konsentrasi 2x1010 CFU/ml memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam menekan munculnya gejala hingga 7 hari, dan menurunkan nilai kejadian penyakit tungro hingga 26,75%, serta meningkatkan kadar asam salisilat 8,77 mg/L pada daun bibit padi Inpari 33. P.fluorescens pada benih juga dapat meningkatkan kulitas bibit padi varietas Inpari 33 dengan peningkatan viabilitas benih melalui peningkatan kecepatan tumbuh benih dan vigor bibit yang meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun bibit. Kecepatan tumbuh benih meningkat hingga 23,68 % etmal pada perlakuan benih dengan konsentrasi 2 x 1010 CFU/ml. Asosiasi bakteri P.fluorescens dengan bibit tanaman padi dapat meningkatkan translokasi unsur hara dan merangsang hormon pertumbuhan serta pembelahan sel. Perlakuan benih dengan konsentrasi 2 x 1010 CFU/ml juga mampu meningkatkan tinggi bibit padi Inpari 33 hingga 0,77 cm pada bibit yang berumur 21 hst (hari setelah tanam) dan meningkatkan jumlah daun bibit mencapai 4 helai pertanaman.
English Abstract
Tungro is one of important plant disease in rice crop which caused by rice tungro bacilliform and spherical virus. Both viruses can be transmitted by several species of green leafhopper such as Nephotettix virescens Distant, N. nigropictus Stal, N. cincticeps Uhler and N. malayanus Ishihara in semipersistance ways. Tungro disease has spread in most of Indonesia region. The most resisntance stadia of plant growth is at seedling phase. The range of yield loss is commonly occurred amount 86%-90% when the infection of the disease began at two weeks after planting. Based on previous research, PGPR Pseudomonas fluorescens was able to reduce the number of tungro infection in varieties Inpari 4 and 5. The studi was developed to find the potential of PGPR P. fluorescens in other susceptible varieties of rice such as Inpari 33. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of PGPR P. fluorescens to obtain resistance rice seedlings toward tungro disease in seedlings process and increasing seedling growth. The research was conducted from January to May 2019 at central laboratory microbiology, laboratory toxicology, and greenhouse of Faculty Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Research methods consisted of preparation which were providing N. virescens vector, provision of tungro disease and preparation of media planting. The implementation of this research consisted of the seed treatment, virus inoculation, monitoring of bacteria and seedling maintenance. This study used Randomized Block Design (RAK) which have six treatments i.e. 0.5x1010 CFU/ml, 1x1010 CFU/ml, 2x1010 CFU/ml, 3x1010 CFU/ml, 4x1010 CFU/ml, and without PGPR treatment was repeated four times. The variables observation in this research were the incubation period of tungro disease, tungro disease incidence, the concentration of salicylic acid, the rate of seed growth, the seedling height and the number of seedling leaves. The result of analysis data showed that the seed treatment influenced the seedling quality and seedling resistance of tungro. The treatment was significantly effected toward the incubation period of tungro disease, the incident of tungro disease, and salicylic acid concentration of rice leaves. The seed treatment with a consentration 2 × 1010 CFU/ml PGPR had the best result to reduce the emergence of symptoms up to seven days. The treatment could reduce the number of tungro disease incident until 26.75%. The increase of resistance activity of rice seedling was caused by the induced resistance mechanisms. The enhancement of plant resistance is caused by secondary metabolite compounds i.e. salicylic acid. The association of P. fluorescens and roots system of rice were increasing the number of salicylic acid concentration 8.77 mg/L of seedling leaves. The seed treatment could also increase the quality of seedlings of Inpari 33, i.e seed viability and seedling vigor. Seed viability can be calculated from the rate of seeds growth that were increasing amount 23.68 (% etmal) by treatment with a consentration of 2×1010 CFU/ml PGPR. The seedling vigor was observated by height of seedling and number of seedling leaves. The seed treatment with a concentration 2×1010 CFU/ml PGPR were able to increase the height of seedlings Inpari 33 up to 0,77 cm and also could increase the number of leaves amount four strands per seedlings.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/598/051907372 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.18 Rice |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:26 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/174153 |
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