Ningsih, Yayuk Setia (2019) Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Limbah Tembakau sebagai Pestisida Nabati terhadap Ulat Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Jagung. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman tembakau merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Produksi tembakau di Indonesia ± 200 juta kilogram setiap tahun, sebanyak 70% berbentuk rajangan digunakan untuk bahan baku membuat rokok. Hal ini menyebabkan Indonesia menjadi salah satu produsen rokok terbesar. Produksi berbagai macam rokok yang dilakukan menyebabkan limbah hasil pengolahan rokok semakin meningkat dan belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Limbah padat industri rokok masih mengandung senyawa aktif nikotin sebanyak 2% yang dapat menolak kehadiran dan mengendalikan serangga perusak tanaman (hama) seperti ulat penggerek tongkol jagung Helicoverpa armigera. Selama ini pengendalian H. armigera dengan menggunakan pestisida sintesis, namun menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif seperti resurjensi hama dan pencemaran lingkungan. Berdasarkan kemampuan kandungan senyawa pada tembakau yang mampu mematikan serangga, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan limbah tembakau hasil pengolahan rokok sebagai bioinsektida pada ulat penggerek tongkol jagung H. armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati 1, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan RAK 9 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan ekstrak limbah batang tembakau, 4 ekstrak limbah serbuk daun, dan 1 kontrol. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 3 × 105 ppm, 4 × 105 ppm, 5 × 105 ppm, dan 6 × 105 ppm. Pengujian ekstrak limbah tembakau dilakukan secara racun kontak yaitu dengan menyemprotkan ekstrak limbah tembakau secara langsung ke larva H. armigera instar 1 dengan botol sprayer. Variabel yang diamati meliputi mortalitas, sifat repellent, serta LC50 dan LT50. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan Analisis of Varians (ANOVA), LC50 dianalisis dengan analisis probit Hsin Chi dan LT50 dianalisis menggunankan analisis probit POLOPLUS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstak limbah tembakau bersifat toksik sehingga dapat menyebabkan mortalitas dan bersifat repelensi. Ekstrak limbah batang tembakau pada konsentrasi 6 × 105 ppm dapat menyebabkan mortalitas tertinggi sebesar 80,86% dan dapat menolak kehadiran serangga (repellent) sebesar 60% dengan tingkat repelensi agak kuat (kelas III). Ekstrak limbah batang tembakau memiliki nilai LC50 337.585,46 ppm dengan LT50 131,72 jam, sedangkan pada eksrak limbah daun tembakau memiliki nilai LC50 376.817,79 ppm dengan LT50 140,60 jam.
English Abstract
Tobacco plants are one of the plants that are widely developed in Indonesia. Tobacco production in Indonesia is ± 200 million kilograms per year, 70% of which is in the form of chopped used for raw materials for making cigarettes. This made Indonesia as one of the largest cigarette producers. The production of cigarettes is carried out in several process, resulting wastethat is not utilized optimally. The cigarette industry's solid waste still contains 2% nicotine active compounds which can resist the presence and can control plant-destroying insects (pests) such as Helicoverpa armigera in corn. Control of H. armigera by using synthetic pesticides causes various negative impacts such as pest resurgence and environmental pollution. Based on the ability of the compound in tobacco which is able to kill insects, it is necessary to conduct research that is utilizing tobacco waste from the processing of cigarettes as bioinsectide in H. armigera. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Biological Control, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University in March to June 2019. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design 9 treatments and 4 replications, consisting of control treatment, 4 treatments extracted from tobacco stem waste, 4 extracts of waste leaf powder. The concentrations were 3 × 105 ppm, 4 × 105 ppm, 5 × 105 ppm and 6 × 105 ppm. Testing of tobacco waste extracts was carried out contact poison methode by spraying extract of tobacco waste directly into H. armigera larvae with a sprayer bottle. The variables observed included mortality, repellent properties, as well as LC50 and LT50. Mortality data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), LC50 and LT50 data were analyzed using the POLOPLUS & Hsin Chi probit analysis. The results of the study showed that tobacco waste extracts were toxic to H. armigera so that they could cause mortality and repelence. Extracts of tobacco stem waste at a concentration of 6 × 105 ppm could cause the highest mortality of 80,86% and could reject the presence of insects (repellent) of 60% with a rather strong repelence rate (class III). The tobacco stem waste extract has a LC50 value of 337.585,46 ppm with LT50 131,72 hours, while the tobacco leaf waste contract has an LC50 value of 376.817,79 ppm with LT50 of 140,60 hours.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/765/051907712 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control > 632.95 Pesticides |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Mar 2022 08:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173844 |
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