Siagian, Theresia Viktoria (2019) Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai dan potensi ekonomi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Bawang merah biasanya digunakan sebagai penyedap masakan dimasyarakat untuk menambah citarasa. Pada beberapa tahun belakangan ini, permintaan kebutuhan akan bawang merah terus meningkat. Pada tahun 1981 – 2014 meningkat dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan 8,69% kg/kapita/tahun. Seiring peningkatan permintaan terhadap bawang merah terjadi penurunan produktivitas bawang merah.Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik produksi bawang merah nasional mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2015 yaitu sebesar 0,39%. Luas panen nasional bawang merah tahun 2015 mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 1,18% dibandingkan tahun 2014 tetapi produksinya berkurang. Penurunan produksi bawang merah dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pemupukan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas bawang merah dan peningkatan keseburan tanah adalah pemberian pupuk Hayati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (2) Mengetahui dampak pemberian pupuk hayati dalam mengurangi penggunaan dosis pupuk NPK. Hipotesis penelitian yaitu pengaplikasian pupuk NPK 50% dan pupuk hayati 100% efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang . Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari - April 2019. Tempat penelitian berlokasi di Rumah Kaca jalan Lanud Abdulrachman Saleh, Kota Malang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan P0(Kontrol),P1 (NPK 100%), P2 (Pupuk hayati 100%), P3 (25% NPK + pupuk hayati 100%), dan P6 (100% NPK + pupuk hayati 100, P4 (50 % NPK + pupuk hayati 100%), P5 (75 % NPK + pupuk hayati 100%) dan P6 (100% NPK + pupuk hayati 100%) dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Total petak percobaan terdiri dari 28 petak percobaan. Setiap petak percobaan memiliki 20 sampel tanaman. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan secara destruktif, non destruktif dan komponen hasil. Variabel pengamatan adalah panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, diameter umbi , luas daun, berat umbi segar dan berat umbi kering matahari. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila terjadi pengaruh yang nyata diantara perlakuan maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pupuk hayati dengan pupuk anorganik NPK berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Perlakuan NPK 75% + 100% pupuk hayati memberikan respon paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Pengamatan komponen pertumbuhan pada perlakuan NPK 75% + 100% pupuk hayati pada 6 MST menghasilkan rerata panjang tanaman 28,95 cm/tanaman, rerata jumlah daun 27,5 helai/tanaman, dan rerata luas daun 744,2 cm2/tanaman. Pengamatan komponen hasil pada perlakuan NPK 75% + 100% pupuk hayati menghasilkan rerata jumlah anakan 7,5 umbi/tanaman, rerata berat brangkasan 814,1 g/petak, rerata diameter umbi 3,18 cm/umbi, rerata berat basah umbi 21,625 g/tanaman, dan rerata berat umbi kering matahari 18,65 g/tanaman. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan pemberian pupuk hayati yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah, selain itu juga dapat mengurangi dosis pupuk NPK.
English Abstract
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the horticuture plants that has high economic value and potential in Indonesia. Shallots are usually used as flavoring in the community to add flavor. In recent years, the demand for shallots continues to increase. In 1981 - 2014 increased with an average growth of 8.69% kg / capita / year. Along with the increase in demand for shallots, there was a decrease in the productivity of shallots. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, national onion production decreased in 2015 by 0.39%. The national harvest area of shallots in 2015 grew by 1.18% compared to 2014 but the production decreased. Decreasing red onion production can be caused by several factors, one of which is fertilization. Efforts that can be made to increase the productivity of shallots and increase soil fertility are the provision of biological fertilizers. The objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the effect of biofertilizer application on the growth and yield of shallots (2) Know the impact of giving biofertilizers in reducing the use of NPK fertilizer doses. The research hypothesis is that the application of 50% NPK fertilizer and biological fertilizer is 100% effective in increasing the growth and yield of shallots. This research was conducted in February - April 2019. The research site was located in the Greenhouse on Lanud Abdulrachman Saleh, Malang City. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 7 treatments P0(Kontrol),P1 (NPK fertilizer 100%), P2 (Biofertilizer 100%), P3 (25% NPK fertilizer + Biofertilizer 100%), dan P6 (100% NPK fertilizer + Biofertilizer 100, P4 (50 % NPK fertilizer + Biofertilizer 100%), P5 (75 % NPK fertilizer + Biofertilizer 100%) dan P6 (100% NPK fertilizer + Biofertilizer 100%) and repeated 4 times. The total trial plot consists of 28 trial plots. Each trial plot has 20 plant samples. Observation of growth is carried out destructively, non destructively and yield components. Observation variables were plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, tuber diameter, leaf area, weight of fresh bulbs and weight of sun dried tubers. Observation data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (F test) at the level of 5%. If there is a significant influence between treatments, a further test of the LSD (Smallest Significant Difference) is carried out at the level of 5%. The results showed that the combination of biofertilizers with NPK inorganic fertilizers significantly affected the growth and yield of shallots. NPK 75% + 100% biological fertilizer treatment gave the best response to the growth and yield of shallot plants. Observation of growth components in the treatment of NPK 75 % + 100% biological fertilizers at 6 MST resulted in an average plant length of 28.95 cm / plant, average number of leaves of 27.5 strands / plant, and mean leaf area of 744.2 cm2 / plant. Observation of yield components on NPK 75% + 100% biological fertilizer treatment resulted in an average number of tillers 7.5 tubers / plant, average stover weight 814.1 g / plot, mean tuber diameter 3.18 cm / tuber, mean wet tuber weight 21.625 g / plant, and average weight of sun dried tubers 18.65 g / plant. So it can be concluded that the administration of biofertilizers combined with inorganic fertilizers has a significant effect on the growth and yield of shallots, while also reducing the dose of NPK fertilizer
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/511/051907285 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.2 Edible tubers and bulbs > 635.25 Onions |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 07:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173673 |
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