Tilana, Lia Nita (2019) Identifikasi dan Analisis Keanekaragaman Serangga Fulgoromorphan Hasil Koleksi dari Jambi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hutan memiliki banyak peran diantaranya sebagai pengendali iklim mikro, habitat makhluk hidup, dan sumber plasma nutfah. Akan tetapi, saat ini hutan banyak dikonversi menjadi perkebunan, contohnya pada tahun 2015, hutan seluas 36,96 juta hektar di Jambi telah dikonversi menjadi areal perkebunan. Perubahan lahan hutan menjadi perkebunan menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman hayati termasuk serangga dan juga kemungkinan serangga fulgoromorphan. Serangga fulgoromorphan termasuk ke dalam ordo Hemiptera, subordo Auchenorrhyncha yang berperan sebagai fitofag dan dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator untuk melihat kualitas habitat karena sensitif terhadap struktur vegetasi. Pada tahun 2013 dan 2014, Jochen Drescher telah mengambil sampel serangga di lanskap Taman Nasional Bukti Duabelas (TNBD) dan Hutan Harapan, Jambi. Akan tetapi, serangga tersebut belum dilakukan identifikasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga fulgoromorphan serta menganalisis keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi fulgoromorphan pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan di Jambi. Penelitian berupa identifikasi serangga fulgoromorphan dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai Maret 2019. Serangga yang sudah dikoleksi kemudian diidentifikasi mengggunakan mikroskop stereo dan dipilih berdasarkan subordo, infraordo, famili, subfamili, dan morfospesies dengan melihat buku kunci identifikasi. Pengelompokkan kemiripan morfologi spesimen digambarkan dengan dendrogram. Kemudian, perbedaan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan fulgoromorphan antar tipe penggunaan lahan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan perbedaan komposisi serangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kemiripan. Hasil identifikasi seranggga fulgoromorphan ditemukan 13 famili, 124 morfospesies, dan 1927 individu. Serangga fulgoromorphan yang ditemukan yaitu Achilidae (22 morfospesies), Cixiidae (1 morfospesies), Derbidae (38 morfospesies), Dictyopharidae (7 morfospesies), Eurybrachyidae (1 morfospesies), Flatidae (13 morfospesies), Fulgoridae (1 morfospesies), Issidae (13 morfospesies), Lophopidae (1 morfospesies), Meenoplidae (6 morfospesies), Nogodinidae (6 morfospesies), Ricaniidae (1 morfospesies), dan Tropiduchidae (12 morfospesies). Famili yang memiliki kemiripan yaitu Famili Meenoplidae dengan Flatidae. Kemudian, Fulgoridae mirip dengan Dictyopharidae, Achilidae, dan Cixiidae. Sedangkan, Derbidae memiliki kemiripan morfologi dengan Ricaniidae, Eurybrachyidae, Lophopidae, Tropiduchidae, Issidae dan Nogodinidae. Tipe penggunaan lahan yang berbeda mempengaruhi keanekaragaman morfospesies dan kelimpahan individu fulgoromorphan (P<0,001). Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan di penggunaan lahan hutan dan hutan karet sedangkan terendah didapatkan di penggunaan lahan perkebunan karet dan kelapa sawit. Lanskap yang berbeda mempengaruhi perbedaan keanekaragaman morfospesies fulgoromorphan (P=0,006) dan kelimpahan individu fulgoromorphan (P<0,001). Musim yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi keanekaragaman morfospesies (P=0,113) tetapi mempengaruhi kelimpahan individunya (P=0,019). Sedangkan, kemiripan komposisi morfospesies antara lanskap TNBD dan Hutan Harapan yaitu 48 morfospesies (39%), sedangkan indeks kemiripan tertinggi ditemukan di tipe penggunaan lahan hutan dengan hutan karet dan kemiripan terendah ditemukan di tipe penggunaan lahan hutan karet dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta perkebunan karet dengan kelapa sawit. Lalu, morfospesies yang mendominasi di lanskap TNBD dan Hutan Harapan pada musim berbeda yaitu Meenoplidae sp.01, Otiocerinae sp.02, dan Zoraida sp.01. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa berbagai macam tipe penggunaan lahan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi fulgoromorphan.
English Abstract
Forests have many roles including controlling microclimates, habitat for living things, and as germplasm sources. However, forests are recently being converted into plantations, for example in 2015, 36.96 million hectares of forests in Jambi were converted into plantations. Changing forest into plantation causes biodiversity degradation including insects as well as fulgoromorphan insects. Fulgoromorphan insects belong to the order of Hemiptera, the suborder of Auchenorrhyncha which acts as phytophagous and can be used as an indicator of habitat quality because they are sensitive to the structure of vegetation. In 2013 and 2014, Jochen Drescher took insect samples in the landscape of Bukit Duabelas National Park and Hutan Harapan, Jambi. However, these insects has not been identified yet. Therefore, this study aimed to indentify fulgoromorphan insects and which could be useful in analyzing the diversity, abundance, and fulgoromorphan composition in various types of land used in Jambi. The research in the form of identification of fulgoromorphan insects was conducted in Biological Control Laboratory, IPB University from December 2018 to March 2019. The collection of insects was identified using stereo microscope and selected based on suborder, infraorder, family, subfamily, and morphospecies by looking at the identification key book. The classification of morphological similarity was described by the dendrogram. Then, the differences in diversity and abundance of fulgoromorphan based on land used types were analyzed by analysis of variance and the difference in insect composition was analyzed by analysis of similarity. The result of the identification of fulgoromorphan found 13 families, 124 morphospecies, and 1927 individuals. Fulgoromorphan insects consisted of Achilidae (22 morphospecies), Cixiidae (1 morphospecies), Derbidae (38 morphospecies), Dictyopharidae (7 morphospecies), Eurybrachyidae (1 morphospecies), Flatidae (13 morphospecies), Fulgoridae (1 morphospecies), Issidae (13 morphospecies), Lophopidae (1 morphospecies), Meenoplidae (6 morphospecies), Nogodinidae (6 morphospecies), Ricaniidae (1 morphospecies), and Tropiduchidae (12 morphospecies). Family that has morphological similarities were Meenoplidae with Flatidae. Then, Fulgoridae was similar to Dictyopharidae, Achilidae, and Cixiidae. Whereas, Derbidae has morphological similarities with Ricaniidae, Eurybrachyidae, Lophopidae, Tropiduchidae, Issidae, and Nogodinidae. Then, the different types of land use affected the diversity of morphospecies and the abundance of fulgoromorphan individuals (P<0.001). The highest diversity and abundance were found in forest and rubber forest, while the lowest was found in rubber and oil plant plantation. The different landscapes affected the diversity of fulgoromorphan morphospecies (P=0.006) and the abundance of fulgoromorphan individuals (P<0.001). The different seasons did not affect the diversity in morphospecies (P=0.113). However, it affected the abundance of individuals (P=0.019). Whereas, the similarity of morphospecies composition in Bukit Duabelas National Park landscape and Harapan Forest was 48 morphospecies (39%). Meanwhile, the highest similarity index was found in the forest with rubber forest and the lowest similarity was found in the rubber forest with oil palm plantations and rubber with oil palm plantation. Then, the morphospecies that dominates in Bukit Duabelas National Park landscape and Harapan Forest in different seasons were Meenoplidae sp.01, Otiocerinae sp.02, and Zoraida sp.01. In conclusion, various types of land used affected the diversity, abundance, and composition of fulgoromorphan.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/525/051907299 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 595 Arthropoda > 595.7 Insecta (Insects) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Oct 2019 06:32 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2019 06:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173631 |
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