Mulyani, Prinsip Trisna (2019) Hubungan Karakter Komponen Hasil Terhadap Hasil Pada Genotipe Semangka [Citrullus Lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai]. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Semangka [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai] adalah salah satu tanaman keluarga Cucurbitaceae yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani. Daging buah semangka mengandung senyawa nutrisi penting seperti citrulline, arginine dan glutathione. Biji semangka juga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi kuaci sebagai produk olahan. Pada biji semangka terkandung sekitar 35% protein, 50% minyak, dan 5% serat makanan. Budidaya semangka dapat dilakukan pada lahan kering dengan kebutuhan air yang rendah. Karakter komponen hasil tanaman yang mampu mempengaruhi hasil. Oleh karena itu maka penting bagi pemulia tanaman untuk mengetahui hubungan karakter komponen hasil yang menyokong hasil pada semangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara karakter komponen hasil terhadap hasil pada semangka. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019 di Seed Bank and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Badan Usaha Akademik Universitas Brawijaya di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu 28 famili semangka (Citrullus lanatus) yang terdiri dari 75 genotipe uji dan 3 varietas cek. Bahan lain yang digunakan yaitu pupuk kandang, pupuk ZA dan NPK 16-16-16, kertas label, papan label (papan alphaboard) dan pestisida. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jangka sorong, timbangan analitik, hand refractometer, tali, sprayer, ajir bambu, meteran ukur, cangkul, gunting, alat tulis dan kamera. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan percobaan yang disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok diperluas (augmented design). Pada penelitian ini setiap famili didiukur dan diamati per individu sehingga menjadi 75 genotipe, dan 3 varietas cek disusun ke dalam 4 blok. Varietas cek diulang pada setiap blok. Karakter yang diukur ialah panjang batang, jumlah cabang, jumlah ruas, jumlah daun, hari berbunga, node muncul bunga betina pertama, hari panen, berat buah, panjang tangkai buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal pericarp, padatan terlarut total, berat 100 biji, jumlah biji per tanaman, berat biji per tanaman, panjang biji dan lebar biji. Analisis varians dan kovarians dilakukan untuk menduga varians lingkungan, varians genetik, varians fenotipe, kovarians lingkungan, kovarians genetik, dan kovarians fenotip. Hubungan antar komponen hasil dengan hasil dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi genetik dan fenotipe. Uji signifikan koefisien korelasi dilakukan menggunakan uji t-student. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat karakter komponen hasil yang berkorelasi terhadap hasil. Karakter komponen hasil yang berkorelasi genetik dan fenotipe positif dengan berat buah adalah panjang batang, jumlah cabang, panjang tangkai, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal pericarp, jumlah biji per tanaman dan berat biji per tanaman. Komponen hasil yang berkorelasi genetik negatif dengan berat buah adalah hari berbunga. Karakter komponen hasil yang berkorelasi genetik dan fenotipe positif dengan berat biji per tanaman adalah karakter berat buah, panjang tangkai, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah biji per tanaman, panjang biji, dan lebar biji. Komponen hasil yang berkorelasi genetik negatif dengan berat biji adalah hari berbunga, dan ruas muncul bunga betina pertama.
English Abstract
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai] is one of the Cucurbitaceae plant which are widely cultivated. Watermelon fruit flesh contains important nutritional compounds such as citrulline, arginine, and glutathione. Watermelon seeds can also be used as kuaci as a processed product. Watermelon seeds contain about 35% protein, 50% oil, and 5% dietary fiber. Watermelon cultivation can be done on dry land with low water needs. Characteristics of plant components that can influence yield. Therefore it is important for plant breeders to know the relationship between character of yield component that supports the yield on watermelons. This study aims to study the relationship between yield components and yield in watermelon. The research was conducted from January to May 2019 in Seed Bank and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Academic Business Entity, Universitas Brawijaya at Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency. The materials used in the study were 31 families of watermelon which consisted of 75 genotypes and 3 check varieties. Other materials used are manure, ZA and NPK 16-16-16 fertilizers, label paper and pesticides. The equipment used in this study were calipers, analytical scales, hand refractometers, ropes, sprayers, bamboo stands, measuring meters, hoes, scissors, stationery and cameras. The study was conducted based on experiments arranged using an augmented design. In this study, each family was measured and observed per individual so that it became 75 genotypes, and 3 varieties of checks were arranged into 4 blocks. Check varieties are repeated on each block. The characters measured were stem length, number of branches, number of nodes, number of leaves, flowering days, nodes appearing first female flowers, harvest day, fruit weight, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, total soluble solids, weight of 100 seeds , number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, seed length and seed width. Analysis of variance and covariance was performed to estimate the environmental variance, genetic variance, phenotype variance, environmental covariance, genetic covariance, and phenotypic covariance. The relationship between the components of the results with the results was analyzed using an analysis of genetic and phenotype correlation. A significant test of the correlation coefficient was done using t- student test. The results of the study show there are yield components that correlate to yield of watermelon. Yield component character that genetically and phenotypically positive correlated to fruit weight are stem length, number of branches, stem length, fruit length, fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. Yield components that genetically and phenotypes negative correlated to fruit weight is flowering days. The yield component that are genetically and phenotypically positive correlated to seed weight per plant are fruit weight, stem length, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds per plant, seed length, and seed width. Yield components that are genetically negative correlated to seed weight per plant are flowering days, and node the female flowers appear.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/339/051907091 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.63 Cucumbers > 635.638 Special cultivation methods; Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 06:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173316 |
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