Pramudita, Julia Putri (2019) Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Collembola pada Top Soil Lahan Pertanaman Kedelai. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Organisme tanah banyak terdapat pada lapisan tanah atas atau lapisan top soil. Hal ini dikarenakan top soil mengandung banyak seresah dan bahan organik yang cocok bagi perkembangan organisme tanah dan media tumbuh tanaman pertanian. Tanaman kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pertanian yang berinteraksi dengan berbagai keanekaragaman hayati, baik dengan musuh alami, hama hingga serangga lain dan juga organisme tanah. Salah satu faktor yang menjadikan tanaman kedelai kaya akan keanekeragaman hayati dikarenakan tanaman kedelai bersimbiosis dengan rhizobium, sehingga banyak organisme tanah disekitarnya. Salah satu organisme tanah yang berperan dalam komponen ekosistem adalah collembola (ekor pegas) yang mempunyai peran yang beranekaragam bergantung pada jenis atau kelompoknya. Maka dari itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan Collembola pada top soil lahan pertanaman kedelai serta habitatnya di tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan petani yang terletak di Dusun Randuagung, Dusun Sidorejo dan Dusun Sumberblimbing, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Pengambilan sampel tanah dimulai pada bulan November 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Setiap lokasi terdapat 4 plot pengamatan dan menggunakan teknik koleksi tanah (corong berlese), perangkap pitfall dan pengamatan langsung. Sampel pengamatan diambil pada umur tanaman 2, 6, 10 dan 14 minggu. Analisis tanah yang dilakukan yaitu pengukuran pH, kelembapan tanah, C/N rasio dan tekstur tanah. Perbedaan keanekaragaman collembola antar lahan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, sedangkan perbedaan komposisi spesies collembola dianalisis menggunakan analisis kemiripan dan dengan indeks Bray-Curtis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada ketiga lokasi yang berbeda, Collembola yang ditemukan sebanyak 3 ordo, 7 famili, 29 spesies dan 9765 individu. Hasil analisis ragam didapatkan bahwa ketiga lokasi yang berbeda mempengaruhi kekayaan spesies (P<0.032) dan kelimpahan individu Collembola (P<0.001). Perbedaan umur tanaman kedelai tidak mempengaruhi kekayaan spesies (P=0.960) namun mempengaruhi kelimpahan individu Collembola (P<0.015) walaupun demikian perbedaan habitat Collembola pada lahan pertanaman kedelai tidak mempengaruhi kekayaan spesies (P=0.056) namun mempengaruhi kelimpahan individu Collembola (P=0.020). Hasil analisis kemiripan menunjukan terdapat perbedaan komposisi Collembola antar lokasi (R=0.727; P=0.001) dan antar umur tanaman kedelai (R= 0.230; P=0.001), namun tidak ada perbedaan komposisi spesies untuk habitat Collembola (R=1; P=0.100). Collembola ditemukan pada habitat permukaan tanah dan di dalam tanah. Perbedaan keanekaragaman dan komposisi spesies Collembola diduga berhubungan denan faktor lingkungan yaitu pH, kelembapan tanah, C/N rasio dan tekstur tanah.
English Abstract
Soil organism mostly existed in the top soil, due to contains much leaf litter and detritus that appropriate for the development of soil organism and medium for agricultural crops growth. Soybean is one of the agricultural crop comodities that interact with any kind biodiversity, namely natural enemy, pest, bugs and soil organisms. One of the factors that makes soybean plant is rich of biodiversity is that soybean plant has simbiosis with rhizobium, so had many soil organisms around that. One of the soil organisms that plays vitaland varied role on its type or group is Collembola (spring tail). Therefore, this research aimed to find identify diversity and abudance of Collembola in the top soil of soybean planting and its habitat in soybean plants. This research was conducted in a farmland located in Randuagung Village, Sidorejo Village and Sumberblimbing Village, Malang Regency, East Java. The sampling was taken in November 2018 to February 2019 by using survey method. Each location had 4 observation plots and trap for Collembola using soil collection (berlese funnel), pitfall trap and direct observation. The sampling was taken when the age of plants was 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks respectively. Soil analysis included the measurement of pH, soil moisture, C/N ratio and soil texture. Collembola diversity was tested by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Collembola species composition was analyzed using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and Collembola similarity with Bray-Curtis Index. Based on the result of the research in those three different locations, 3 order, 7 family and 29 species and 9765 individuals found Collembola. Analysis of variance test result had obtained three different influences of the species abudance (P<0.032) and the abundance of Collembola individuals (P<0.001). The soybean plants age differences did not influence on species varieties (P=0.960) but it influenced the abudance of Collembola individuals (P<0.015) even though showed the difference habitat of Collembola on soybean plants land did not influent the variety of the species (P=0.056) but it affected the abundance of Collembola individuals (P=0.020). Analysis of similarity result showed Collembola species composition between different area (R=0.7269; P=0.001) and between soybean plant age (R= 0.2301; P=0.001) had experience a difference in a species composition, but in Collembola habitat did not have difference in a composition (R=1; P=0.100). Collembola were found on the habitat of soil surface and in the soil. The environtment factor such as pH, soil moisture, C/N ratio and soil texture influences the diversity of species and the abundance of Collembola individuals in three different locations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/473/051907247 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.46 Soil biology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2020 03:02 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2020 03:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/173159 |
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