Fauwziah, Lailatul (2019) Efek Xenia pada Beberapa Persilangan Jagung (Zea mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung merupakan komoditas pertanian dengan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Jagung merupakan komoditas strategis yang berperan dalam pembangunan pertanian dan perekonomian di Indonesia. Jagung dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan, pakan serta bahan baku industri. Angka produksi jagung selama satu dasawarsa (1999-2015) adalah 26,798 ton dengan persentase pertumbuhan 7,96 %. Neraca ekspor impor jagung (1999-2014) menunjukkan angka yang negatif, dimana volume impor lebih besar dibandingkan volume ekspor. Berdasarkan angka produksi tersebut, diperlukan upaya peningkatan produksi jagung untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jagung di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan program pemuliaan tanaman seperti persilangan (hibridisasi) dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung. Pemanfaatan efek xenia terhadap hasil persilangan jagung dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan kultivar unggul dengan potensi hasil yang tinggi. Efek xenia membantu dalam peramalan dan pendugaan adanya ekspresi gen yang bersifat heterosis untuk membentuk tetua yang dapat digunakan untuk persilangan membentuk kultivar hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek xenia pada karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif persilangan jagung serta memperoleh galur yang prospektif sebagai tetua jantan dalam pembentukan kultivar hibrida. Hipotesis yang diajukan berdasarkan tujuan diatas ialah terdapat efek xenia pada beberapa hasil persilangan terhadap karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta diperoleh beberapa galur jantan prospektif sebagai calon tetua pembentukan kultivar hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan CV. Blue Akari yang terletak di Jalan Areng-Areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Bahan yang digunakan ialah galur jagung manis (155), galur jagung ungu (UP-33), galur jagung ketan (JPIE-62) dan galur jagung pakan (TRANS), pupuk Urea, pupuk NPK, plastik sungkup dan amplop sungkup. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian berasal dari CV. Blue Akari. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah mulsa plastik hitam perak (PHP), tugal, gunting, label, pita kawat, penggaris, meteran, kamera digital, sprayer, alat tulis, karung, timbangan analitik, RHS colour chart dan grain moisture tester (GMT). Metode yang digunakan ialah single plant dengan menanam seluruh populasi galur tanaman dilingkungan yang sama tanpa menggunakan ulangan. Perlakuan persilangan yang digunakan ialah selfing dan crossing. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati ialah warna biji dan bentuk biji. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati ialah bobot tongkol, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, tip filling, jumlah baris biji, bobot 100 biji, panjang biji dan lebar biji. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan statistik dan uji t independen. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan statistika deskriptif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji t independen dengan taraf 5 %. Pengujian t independen didasarkan pada perbandingan perlakuan yang tidak berhubungan. Efek xenia terhadap karakter kualitatif seperti bentuk biji dan warna biji muncul pada beberapa kombinasi persilangan. Bentuk biji antara mutiara dan gigi dominan terhadap bentuk biji seperti mutiara, seperti gigi dan gigi. Warna biji oranye lebih ii dominan terhadap warna kuning dan ungu. Hasil uji t menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata efek xenia terhadap karakter kuantitatif hasil persilangan jagung. Pada beberapa kombinasi persilangan, xenia muncul terhadap karakter kuantitatif seperti bobot tongkol, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, tip filling, jumlah baris biji, bobot 100 biji, panjang biji serta lebar biji.
English Abstract
Corn is an agricultural commodities with a high economic value. Corn is a strategic commodity that was instrumental in the development of agriculture and economy in Indonesia. Corn can be used as an ingredient in food, feed and industrial raw materials. Corn production figures for a decade (1999-2015) was 26.798 tons with percentage growth of 7.96%. The balance of corn import and export (1999-2014) shows a negative number, where the volume of imports is greater than the volume of exports. On the basis of the production figures, required the effort of increased production of corn for the corn needs have in Indonesia. Utilization of plant breeding programs as of intersecting (hybridization) can be done to improve the production of corn. The utilization effect of xenia's response to the results of a cross of corn can be made to produce superior cultivars with high yield potential. Effect of xenia help in forecasting and prediction of the existence of gene expression that is to form the elder heterosis can be used to form a mixture of hybrid cultivars. The study was conducted to determine the effect of xenia on the qualitative and quantitative characters of maize crosses and obtain prospective lines as male elders in the formation of hybrid cultivars. The hypothesis proposed based on the above objectives is that there is an xenia effect on some of the results of crosses on qualitative and quantitative characters and obtained several prospective male strains as potential elders for the formation of hybrid cultivars. The research was carried out on a trial in CV. Blue Akari located on Areng-Areng, Dadaprejo village, Junrejo district, Batu city. The research was carried out in January to April 2018. The material used is sweet corn (155), purple corn (UP-33), waxy corn (JPIE-62) and yellow corn (TRANS), Urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, plastics and envelopes. The materials used in the study comes from the CV. Blue Akari. Tools used in the study is the black plastic mulch silver, tugal, scissors, label, ribbon wire, ruler, tape measure, digital camera, sprayer, stationery, sack, analytic scales, RHS colour chart and grain moisture Tester (GMT). The method used is the single plant by planting an entire lines population of plants in the same environment without the use of repeatation. The treatment used is the hybridization of selfing and crossing. Observations made on qualitative and quantitative character. Qualitative characters are observed is the color of the seed and seed shape. Quantitative characters observed is ear diametere, ear weight, the length of the ear, tip filling, the amount of lines 100 seed weight, seed length and width of the seeds. Observation data obtained were analyzed using the statistical approach and independent t test. The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics approach. Quantitative data were analyzed using t test independen with standard of 5%. Independent t test is based on comparison of the treatments are not related. Effect of xenia on qualitative characters against such seeds and seed color appears on some combination of a cross. The shape of the seed between flint and dominant influence on dent like flint, seeds like dent. The Orange seed colour more dominant against the yellow and purple. The t test results showed a real difference against quantitative character xenia effect the results of a cross of corn. On some combination of intersecting, xenia appeared against quantitative characters such as iv ear weight, ear diameter, the length of the ear, tip filling, the amount of lines 100 seed weight, seed, seed length and width of the seeds.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/58/051906720 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2020 03:00 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2020 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/172666 |
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