Pradana, Nicky Putra (2019) Pengaruh Temperatur Pirolisis pada Physical dan Chemical Properties (Analisis GC-MS) Bahan Bakar Minyak Hasil Pirolisis Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pembentukan dan sifat fisik dari minyak hasil pirolisis plastik polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik (densitas, viskositas, titik nyala api, nilai kalor, dan angka oktan) bahan bakar minyak hasil pirolisis plastik PET dengan persebaran temperatur senilai 300, 350, 400, 450, dan 500 °C. Sifat fisik tersebut selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar pada umumnya antara lain kerosene, gasoline, dan diesel untuk menguji kelayakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan secara eksperimental serta diiringi dengan pengujian gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), pengujian angka oktan, dan pengujian sifat fisik diharapkan memberikan analisis data dan pembahasan yang akurat dan komprehensif. Di antara faktor lain, temperatur pirolisis menjadi faktor paling krusial dalam pembentukan produk hasil pirolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur sebanding dengan peningkatan nilai densitas, viskositas kinematik, titik nyala api, dan nilai kalor. Meskipun peningkatan temperatur menggeser kesetimbangan fase produk, pirolisis PET lebih banyak menghasilkan fraksi padat (27.60% – 69.4%) dan gas (21.90% – 51%) dibandingkan dengan fraksi minyak (8.70% – 21%). Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terbentuk selain membentuk rantai karbon yang semakin memanjang seiring peningkatan temperatur, juga membentuk banyak senyawa olefin (alkena) dan aromatik (benzena). Pada temperatur rendah (300°C), fraksi hidrokarbon yang dihasilkan adalah C5-C9 (rantai pendek) dengan kadar 33.93%, C10-C14 (rantai sedang) dengan kadar 58,53%, dan C15-C30 (rantai panjang) 7.28%. Sedangkan pada temperatur tinggi (400°C), fraksi hidrokarbon yang dihasilkan adalah C5-C9 (rantai pendek) dengan kadar 26.46%, C10-C14 (rantai sedang) dengan kadar 55.57%, dan C15-C30 (rantai panjang) 17.24%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pergeseran pembentukan senyawa karbon berantai pendek/sedang menjadi panjang senilai +9.96% dengan berkurangnya kadar rantai pendek senilai -7.47% dan rantai sedang senilai -2.96%. Hasil perbandingan sifat fisik mengindikasikan bahwa fraksi minyak pirolisis PET menyerupai sifat fisik bahan bakar antarai lain kerosene dan gasoline, akan tetapi masih perlu proses pemurnian lanjut agar memenuhi standard bahan bakar umum.
English Abstract
This paper describes the formation and the physical properties of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastic pyrolysis produced fuel oil. The aim of this research is to examine the physical properties (density, viscosity, flash point, calorific value, and octane rating) of the produced fuel oil at 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500°C. These properties are then compared with the properties of commercial fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene in order to test the quality as an alternative fuel. The research method is experimentally carried out followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) test, octane rating test, and physical properties test to expect an accurate and comprehensive data analysis. Among other factors, temperature is the most crucial factor in the production of pyrolysis products. The results showed showed that an increase in temperature was proportional to a higher density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific value in the conducted temperature range. Although an increase in temperature shifted the product mass equilibrium, the pyrolysis of PET plastic yielded more solid (27.60% – 69.4%) and gas (21.90% – 51%) fractions than liquid ones (8.70% – 21%). GC-MS analyses showed that not only did an increase in temperature formed more longer hydrocarbon chains, yet also more olefins (alkenes) and aromatics (benzenes). At a lower temperature (300°C), the hydrocarbon fractions formed were C5-C9 (short-length chains) with a percentage of 33.93%, C10-C14 (moderate-length chains) with a percentage of 58,53%, and C15-C30 (long-length chains) with a percentage of 7.28%. At a higher temperature (400°C), the hydrocarbon fractions formed were C5-C9 (short-length chains) with a percentage of 26.46 %, C10-C14 (moderate-length chains) with a percentage of 55.57%, and C15-C30 (long-length chains) with a percentage of 17.24%. The GC-MS results showed that there was a shift in the formation of short-length/moderate-length hydrocarbon chains to long-length ones by +9.26% with a decrease of the short-length by -7.47% and medium-length by -2.96%. Physical properties comparison indicated that pyrolysis produced fuel oil closely resembled those of some commercial fuels such as kerosene and gasoline, however, further processing and distilling are needed to standardize the fuels.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2019/299/051904895 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | pirolisis plastik, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), analisis GC-MS, bahan bakar alternatif, plastic pyrolysis, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), GC-MS analysis, alternative fuel |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 620 Engineering and allied operations > 620.1 Engineering mechanics and materials > 620.11 Engineering materials > 620.112 Properties of materials and nondestructive testing > 620.112 1 Resistance to thermal forces > 620.112 15 Changes in temperature |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2020 12:29 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2020 12:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/172130 |
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