Rahmah, Nur (2019) Pengaruh Desain Fasad Bangunan Terhadap Kinerja Pendinginan Alami Pada Rumah Tradisional Suku Bugis (Studi Kasus: Desa Mattiro Ade Kab. Pinrang Sulawesi Selatan). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perubahan iklim menjadi isu lingkungan yang ditandai oleh peningkatan suhu bumi yang disebabkan oleh pemanasan global. Pengaruh iklim pada arsitektur bangunan dapat dilihat dari segi bentuk dan bahan bangunan. Arsitektur bangunan yang menyesuaikan diri dengan alam dan iklim sangat banyak dijumpai di Indonesia salah satunya adalah rumah tradisional suku bugis yang berada di Desa Mattiro ade kab. Pinrang provinsi Sulawesi selatan. Rumah tradisional tersebut mampu memberikan kenyamanan termal kepada penghuninya dengan sistem pendinginan alami melalui pendekatan desain fasad yang selaras dengan kondisi iklim setempat. Pada penelitian ini dipilih dua sampel rumah yang mewakili rumah tradisional lama dan rumah tradisional modern. Pengaruh desain fasad bangunan terhadap kinerja pendinginan alami pada rumah tradisional suku bugis pada penelitian ini dianalisis dengan cara menggunakan metode kualitatif-kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan evaluatif. Metode deskriptif dilakukan untuk menganalisis visual kedua rumah dengan menggunakan arsitektur tropis nusantara sebagai kriteria penilaian. Selanjutnya, pendekatan evaluatif dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengukuran lapangan kemudian membandingkan suhu dan kelembaban pada kedua rumah. Selain itu, juga dilakukan simulasi eksperimental dengan bantuan software Ecotect Analysis 2011 untuk melakukan validasi dan simulasi modifikasi desain fasad bangunan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pendinginan alami pada rumah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rumah Lammada dengan desain fasad lebih sesuai dengan kriteria arsitektur tropis nusantara cenderung lebih responsif terhadap iklim dan memiliki kinerja pendinginan alami yang lebih baik. Rumah Lammada dengan volume atap besar (159,3 m3) mampu mendinginkan udara dalam atap hingga rata-rata -0,5°C sedangkan Rumah Jida dengan volume atap kecil (71,9 m3) hanya -0,4°C. Ruang tamu kedua rumah hanya mampu mendinginkan suhu udara dengan rata-rata -0,1°C. Kamar Rumah Lammada dengan dinding bambu dan jendela void mampu mendinginkan suhu udara dengan selisish rata-rata mencapai -0,8°C sedangkan kamar Rumah Jida dengan dinding kayu dan jendela kaca hanya - 0,1°C. Kinerja pendinginan alami pada kaki kedua rumah yang berfungsi sebagai gudang juga dibandingkan hasilnya menunjukkan kedua gudang pada objek penelitian mampu mendinginkan suhu udara dengan selisih rata-rata mencapai -1,4°C. Hasil analisis visual dan perbandingan kinerja pendinginan alami pada kedua rumah tersebut dijadikan acuan dalam modifikasi pada Rumah Jida. Modifikasi tersebut juga berpegang pada kriteria rumah Bugis sehingga tidak akan mengubah indentitas rumah tradisional tersebut. Modifikasi dilakukan pada jendela, dinding, dan atap. Hasinya menunjukkan bahwa jendela jalusi, dinding bambu dan atap dengan ventilasi memiliki kinerja pendinginan alami yang paling baik dibandingkan alternatif modifikasi lainnya sehingga alternatif tersebut diterapkan pada Rumah Jida untuk memaksimalkan kinerja pendinginan alaminya. Hasil modifikasi tersebut mampu membuat suhu udara rumah Jida mendekati suhu netral dan mengalami pendinginan alami yang lebih dibandingkan kondisi eksisting.
English Abstract
Climate change is an environmental issue that is indicated by an increase in earth's temperature due to global warming. The concern related to climate is reflected in the shape and materials used to build a building. Building architecture that adapts well to the nature and climate change can be found in Indonesia, including the one of traditional Bugis house Mattiro ade Village, Pinrang district, South Sulawesi province. The traditional house of Bugis tribe is able to provide thermal comfort to the occupants for it has adequate natural cooling system in the form of facade design that fits the local climate conditions. In this research, two sample houses were chosen to represent old traditional house and modern traditional house. The effect of building facade design on natural cooling performance of traditional Bugis house was analyzed using qualitative-quantitative methods and using descriptive and evaluative approaches. Descriptive method was used to analyze the visual aspects of both houses based on nusantara tropical architecture as the assessment criteria. Furthermore, the evaluative approach was carried out by conducting on-field measurements which results were compared to the temperature and humidity in both houses. In addition, an experimental simulation was also carried out using Ecotect Analysis 2011 software to validate and simulate modifications to building facade design to improve the performance of the natural cooling system in the house. The results of this research showed that Lammada house with facade design fulfilled the criteria of nusantara tropical architecture as this house was more climate-responsive and had better natural cooling performance. The Lammada house with a large roof volume (159.3 m3) has been able decrease the air temperature inside the roof as much as -0.5 ° C, while Jida House with a small roof volume (71.9 m3) only decreased the temperature by -0.4 ° C. The living room of both houses cooled down the air temperature with an average temperature decrease of -0.1 ° C. Meanwhile, the rooms of Lammada house bamboo walls and void windows cooled down the air temperature by an average of -0.8 ° C while the ones of Jida House with wooden walls and glass windows could decrease the temperature by -0.1 ° C. The natural cooling system performed by the legs of both houses which spaces were also used as storage room were also compared, which results showed that the storage rooms were able to cool down the air temperature by an average difference of -1.4 ° C. The results of the visual analysis and comparison between the natural cooling system performance of the two houses were used as a reference for the modifications of Jida House. The modification regarded the fixed criteria of the Bugis house in order to maintain the originality of Bugis traditional house. Modifications were made to windows, walls and roofs. The results showed that jalousie windows, bamboo walls and ventilated roofs gave the house the best natural cooling system than other modification alternatives. Hence, modification to those parts was administered to the Jida House in order to optimize the performance of its natural cooling system. The modifications made in this research were able to make the air temperature in Jida house close to the neutral temperature and gave the house better performance of natural cooling system compared to the previous conditions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2019/237/051904696 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | desain fasad, rumah tradisional suku bugis, arsitektur tropis nusantara, pendinginan alami-facade design, traditional Bugis house, nusantara tropical architecture, natural cooling system. |
| Subjects: | 700 The Arts > 729 Design and decoration of structures and accessories > 729.1 Design in vertical plane / Facades |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Arsitektur |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 06:48 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2020 06:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/171166 |
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