Luthfiatunsa, Karida (2018) Pengaruh Kombinasi Macam Pupuk Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Edamame (Glycine Max L. Merr.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Edamame memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai komoditas tanaman pangan karena memiliki produktivitas 3,5 ton ha-1 lebih tinggi daripada produksi tanaman kedelai biasa yang memiliki produktivitas 1,7 – 3,2 ton ha-1. Permintaan ekspor Edamame dari negara Jepang sebesar 100.000 ton per tahun dan Amerika sebesar 7.000 ton tahun-1. Sementara itu, Indonesia baru dapat memenuhi 3% dari kebutuhan pasar Jepang, sedangkan 97% lainnya dipenuhi oleh Cina dan Taiwan. Kedelai edamame bisa mencapai 10-12 ton ha-1 akan tetapi Indonesia hanya mampu memproduksi kedelai edamame sebanyak 8,8 ton ha-1. Peningkatan produksi kedelai edamame diarahkan pada pemanfaatan lahan kering, namun kendala yang sering dijumpai di lahan kering ialah rendahnya bahan organik, sehingga aktivitas mikroba tanah yang berperan dalam penyediaan hara tanaman rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi macam pupuk yang tepat pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman edamame (Glycine max L. Merr.) serta mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada budidaya tanaman edamame melalui aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam dan hayati. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini ialah pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk hayati dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada budidaya tanaman edamame dan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman edamame. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga bulan Juli 2018 di Kebun Agrotechnopark Universitas Brawijaya, Jatikerto. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi cangkul, meteran, penggaris, tugal, sabit, tali raffia, kamera, timbangan analitik, oven, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), alat semprot, gembor dan alat pertanian lainnya. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi benih kedelai Edamame varietas Ryoko 75, pupuk ayam, pupuk urea, SP-36, KCl, pupuk hayati Bion-Up. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, ialah P1: pupuk anorganik 100%, P2: pupuk kandang ayam 25% + pupuk anorganik 75%, P3: pupuk kandang ayam 50% + pupuk anorganik 50%, P4: pupuk kandang ayam 75% + pupuk anorganik 25%, P5: pupuk kandang ayam 100%, P6: pupuk kandang ayam 100% + pupuk hayati, P7: pupuk kandang ayam 25% + pupuk anorganik 75% + pupuk hayati, P8: pupuk kandang ayam 50% + pupuk anorganik 50% + pupuk hayati, P9: pupuk kandang ayam 75% + pupuk anorganik 25% + pupuk hayati. Variabel yang digunakan ialah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), luas daun (cm2), bobot kering total tanaman (g), laju pertumbuhan tanaman (g m-2 14 hari-1), jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot segar polong per tanaman (g), bobot segar polong per hektar (g) serta analisis usaha tani. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf nyata 5%. Apabila diperoleh pengaruh beda nyata antar perlakuan yang dicobakan maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf nyata 5%.iii Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemupukan pupuk kandang 10 ton ha-1 hingga 20 ton ha-1 mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman edamame lebih tinggi sebesar 8,06 ton ha-1 dibandingkan pemupukan pupuk anorganik saja yang hanya mendapatkan hasil panen sebesar 6,04 ton ha-1. Pemupukan berupa pupuk kandang 10 ton ha-1 hingga 20 ton ha-1 mampu menurunkan penggunaan pupuk anorganik hingga 100%. Secara ekonomis, pemberian berbagai macam kombinasi pupuk kandang, pupuk anorganik dan pupuk hayati memberikan keuntungan terhadap usahatani edamame, namun pemberian pupuk kandang 20 ton ha-1 memberikan keuntungan lebih tingg
English Abstract
Edamame has a potential to be developed as a food crop commodities because it has productivity around 3,5 ton ha-1 higher than the production of ordinary soybean plants which has productivity of 1,7 – 3,2 ton ha-1. The demand of the Edamame export from Japan are 100.000 ton per year and US are 7.000 ton per year. Meanwhile, Indonesia can only meet the 3% of Japanese market needs, whereas the other 97% is filled by China and Taiwan. Edamame soybean can reach 10-12 ton ha-1, however Indonesia can only produce Edamame soybean with amount of 8,8 ton ha-1. The increased production of Edamame soybean is directed on the utilization of dry land, but the constraints that are often encountered on dry land are low organic material, so that the soil microbial activity that plays a role in the supply of nutrients plants is low. The objective of this study were to find out the right combination of fertilizer types for the growth and yield of Edamame plants (Glycine max L. Merr.) also reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer in the cultivation of edamame plants through the implementation of chicken manure and organic fertilizer. Hypothesis of this study were the use of chicken manure and organic fertilizer can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer in the cultivation of edamame plants and can increase the growth and the production of edamame plants. This research was conducted in April until June 2018 at Agro Techno Park Garden University of Brawijaya, Jatikerto. The tools of this study were hoe, meter, ruler, sickle, camera, analytical scales, oven, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), sprayer, and other agricultural tools. The materials were Edamame soybean seed varieties of Ryoko 75, chicken manure, urea fertilizer, SP-36, KCl, Bion-Up biological fertilizer. The study was conducted by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) that consisted of 9 treatments and 3 replications so that there were 27 experimental units. The treatment of this research consisted of P1: 100% inorganik fertilizer, P2: chicken manure 25% + 75% inorganik fertilizer, P3: 50% chicken manure + 50% inorganik fertilizer, P4: chicken manure 75% + fertilizer inorganik 25%, P5: 100% chicken manure, P6: 100% chicken manure + biological fertilizer, P7: chicken manure 25% + inorganik fertilizer 75% + bio fertilizer, P8: 50% chicken fertilizer + inorganik fertilizer 50 % + biological fertilizer, P9: chicken manure 75% + 25% inorganik fertilizer + biological fertilizer. The parameters used were plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaf), leaf area indeks (cm2), total dry weight of plant (g), Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 14 hari-1), number of pods per plant, weight of fresh pods per plant (g), weight of fresh pods per hectare (ton ha-1) and analysis of farming of edamame. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there are differences among the treatment used was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that fertilizing by using manure fertilizer of 10 ton ha-1 to 20 ton ha-1 can increase the growth and yield of edamame plants higherv amounted to 8,06 ton ha-1 than just by using inorganic fertilizer which can only produce harvest with amount of 6,04 ton ha-1. Fertilizing by using manure fertilizer of 10 ton ha-1 to 20 ton ha-1 can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer up to 100%. Economically, the use of various types of manure combinations, inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer providing benefits for edamame farming, however the use of manure fertilizer of 20 ton ha-1 provide a higher benefits.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/984/051901902 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pupuk, Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Tanaman Edamame, Glycine Max L. Merr. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.8 Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 06 May 2019 01:52 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 04:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/167087 |
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