-, Isnadiyah (2018) Transmisi Transovarial Virus Dengue Pada Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Di Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia (Studi Observasional Di 30 Kelurahan Di Kota Makassar Periode November 2017 - Januari 2018). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Virus dengue (DENV) merupakan penyebab penyakit infeksi dengue, disebarkan oleh nyamuk Ae.aegypti sebagai vektor utama yang menyebabkan 3,9 miliar penduduk di 128 negara beresiko terinfeksi DENV. Angka kejadian atau incidence rate (IR) kasus infeksi dengue khususnya Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mengalami peningkatan beberapa tahun terakhir di beberapa kota di Indonesia. DBD merupakan salah satu variasi gejala klinis dari infeksi DENV masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Makassar menyebutkan angka kejadian DBD di Makassar dari tahun 2014 -2016 mengalami kenaikan dari 139 kasus menjadi 250 kasus severe dengue (DBD). Faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan infeksi DENV salah satunya adalah transmisi DENV ke manusia sehat melalui nyamuk Ae.aegypti betina. Mekanisme transmisi DENV di tubuh nyamuk secara transovarial dari nyamuk betina ke telur, diperkirakan menjadi penyebab meningkatnya incidence rate kasus DBD. Faktor ini pula yang menyebabkan DENV mampu mempertahankan eksistensinya di alam. Faktor lainnya yaitu sirkulasi dari keempat serotipe DENV pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti sepanjang tahun juga dapat mempengaruhi angka incidence rate. Kedua faktor ini menjadi dasar dilakukan penelitian mengenai transmisi transovarial DENV pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti di kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada periode November 2017 hingga Januari 2018 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar transmisi transovarial virus Dengue dengan mengukur nilai minimum infection rate (MIR) dan distribusi keempat serotipe DENV pada nyamuk Ae.aegypti di kota Makassar,Sulawesi Selatan, dikaitkan dengan angka kejadian (inciden rate) DBD di daerah tersebut Penelitian observasional ekologik ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan crossectional. Unit sampel penelitian adalah 90 rumah di 30 kelurahan di Kota Makassar yang dipasang ovitrap. yang terbuat dari ember plastik berwarna hitam berukuran tinggi ± 12 cm yang diberi kertas saring (ovistrip) dan diberi aktraktan (umpan) berupa air rendaman jerami. Ovitrap diletakkan di rumah penduduk yang pernah menderita DBD dan rumah di sekitarnya selama 9-12 hari. Pengecekan keberadaan telur nyamuk dilakukan setiap 3 hari untuk menghitung nilai indeks ovitrap di lokasi penelitian. Telur nyamuk yang diperoleh kemudian ditetaskan di laboratorium hingga menjadi nyamuk dewasa.Setelah nyamuk berusia 7 hari dilakukan identifikasi DENV pada 75 pool sampel nyamuk jantan dan 78 pool sampel nyamuk betina dengan menggunakan metode reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan SuperScriptTM III Reverse Transcriptase kit Invitrogen dan primer consensus D1 dan D2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai indeks ovitrap (IO) berada di kisaran 0 - 66,7% Nilai rata-rata indeks ovitrap luar rumah (44,44%) lebih besar dibandingkan di dalam rumah (37,22%). Namun hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan nilai rata-rata di luar dan di dalam rumah tidak berbeda nyata. (p=0.076; uji T). Hasil identifikasi DENV dengan menggunakan RT-PCR memperlihatkan hasil negatif, ditunjukkan dengan tidak terbentuknya pita pada sampel nyamuk Ae. aegypti jantan dan betina setelah proses elektroforesis Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Kota Makassar cenderung untuk bertelur di luar rumah.Hal ini bisa disebabkan karena kebiasaan penduduk meletakkan tempat penampungan air hujan di luar rumah sehingga menjadi breeding place nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pada periode November 2017 hingga Januari 2018 tidak ditemukan transmisi transovarial DENV pada nyamuk Ae.aegypti jantan dan betina di Kota Makassar.
English Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiologic agent of dengue infection, distributed by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes as the primary vector that caused 3.9 billion people in 128 countries at risk of being infected with Dengue virus. The prevalence of dengue infection (incidence rate, IR), especially Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), has increased in recent years in several cities in Indonesia. DHF is one of the clinical symptoms variations of dengue infection and is one of the health problem in Indonesia. Dengue infection cases was risen in Makassar, one of the major cities in Indonesia. The Makassar City Health Office stated that DHF cases was increased from 139 cases to 250 cases in 2014 to 2016. The increasing of Dengue infection is influenced by several factors including the transmission of dengue virus to healthy humans through the female Ae. aegypti mosquito. The mechanism of transmission of dengue virus in the body of mosquitoes is thought to be cause of the increased incidence rate of DHF. This factor also causes DENV to be able to remain its existence in nature. Another factor that affects the IR number is the circulation of the four dengue virus serotypes in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes throughout the year. Based on the both of these factors, we investigated the transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in the city of Makassar. to find out how much the transovarial transmission of the Dengue virus by measuring the value of the minimum infection rate (MIR) and the distribution of the four DENV serotypes in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in the city of Makassar. This study was conducted on November 2017 - January 2018 to find out how much the transovarial transmission of the Dengue virus by measuring the value of the minimum infection rate (MIR) and the distribution of the four DENV serotypes in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, was associated with the IR of DHF in the area This observational ecological studies was carried out with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of the research were 90 houses installed ovitraps in 30 villages in the city of Makassar. An ovitrap is eggs mosquito traps made of black plastic bucket with a height of ± 12 cm which were given a filter paper (ovistrip) and an actractant (bait) in the form of straw soaking water. Ovitrap was placed in the homes of residents who had suffered from dengue fever and also the surrounding houses for 9-12 days. Checking the existence of eggs in ovitrap was done every 3 days to calculate the ovitrap index value at the study site. Mosquito eggs obtained were hatched in a laboratory to become adult mosquitoes. After 7 days, 75 pool samples of male mosquitoes and 78 pool samples of female mosquitoes was identified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method using SuperScriptTM III Reverse Invitrogen transcriptase kit and D1 and D2 consensus primers. These results showed that the ovitrap index (IO) was in the range of 0 - 66.7%. The average value of the ovitrap index outside the house (44.44%) was greater than inside house (37.22%). However, the statistical analysis showed the difference value values outside and inside the house did not differ significantly (p = 0.076; T test). The results of identification of dengue virus using RT-PCR showed negative results as indicated by the non-formation of a band on male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after electrophoresis. The results of this study indicated that the Ae. aegypti mosquito in Makassar City showed a tendency to lay eggs outside the house due to the habit of the people who put rain water shelters outside the house which could become breeding place for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This study also showed that there was no transovarial transmission of DENV found in male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Makassar City during November 2017 until Januari 2018.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/616.918 52/ISN/t/2018/041810579 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | DENGUE |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 616 Diseases > 616.9 Other disease > 616.91 Virus diseases > 616.918 RNA virus infections > 616.918 5 Flavivirus infections > 616.918 52 Dengue |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Biomedis, Fakultas Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Apr 2019 02:00 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 06:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/166465 |
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