Feriadi, Kristafera (2018) Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Alga Merah (Eucheuma Cottonii) Dan Alga Coklat (Sargassum Sp.) Terhadap Kadar MDA (Malondialdehid) Dan SOD (Superoksida Dismutase) Tikus Yang Diinduksi Stres Oksidatif Dengan Konsumsi Berlebih Minyak Pemanasan Berulang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Minyak nabati merupakan komponen penting yang digunakan dalam proses pengolahan, terutama sebagai medium penggorengan. Suhu tinggi (170-220ºC) selama proses penggorengan dan kontak dengan oksigen menyebabkan minyak mengalami proses oksidasi lipid dan dihasilkan senyawa radikal bebas, terutama minyak kaya asam lemak tak jenuh seperti minyak kedelai. Penggunaan minyak secara berulang sebagai medium penggorengan dilakukan untuk efisiensi biaya, namun dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada minyak terus berlanjut. Senyawa radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat memicu stres oksidatif, dan lebih lanjut menyebabkan inflamasi kronis yang berperan dalam terjadinya penyakit degeneratif. Senyawa radikal bebas dapat ditangkal oleh antioksidan endogenous, namun jika radikal bebas terlalu banyak, maka diperlukan antioksidan dari luar tubuh. Salah satu komoditas yang kaya antioksidan adalah alga merah (E. cottonii) dan alga coklat (Sargassum sp). Antioksidan dalam alga dapat diperoleh secara maksimal melalui proses ekstraksi, salah satunya adalah Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap pengaruh pemberian ekstrak alga merah dan coklat terhadap penurunan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan peningkatan kadar superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum darah tikus yang diinduksi stres oksidatif melalui pakan yang mengandung minyak hasil pemanasan berulang. Tikus dibagi empat (4) kelompok perlakuan pakan: pakan standar (tikus normal), pakan tinggi minyak pemanasan berulang/MPU (tikus stres oksidatif), pakan tinggi MPU + ekstrak E. cottonii dan pakan tinggi MPU + ekstrak Sargassum sp. Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari, dan pada akhir percobaan, tikus dilakukan euthanasia dan diambil darah dari jantung untuk analisa MDA dan SOD serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kadar total fenol pada Eucheuma cottonii sebesar 118,64 ± 30,59 mg PGE/ g ekstrak sedangkan pada Sargassum sp. sebesar 122,54 ± 43,41 mg PGE/ g ekstrak. Pemberian ekstrak E. cottonii dan Sargassum sp. berpengaruh nyata (α=0.05) pada kadar MDA serum tikus yang diinduksi stres oksidatif dengan diet tinggi minyak pemanasan berulang masing- masing sebesar 2.62 ± 0.11 dan 2.30 ± 0.26 ng/100 μl, namun belum serendah kadar MDA tikus kontrol sehat (1.38 ± 0.17 ng/100 μl). Pemberian ekstrak E.cottonii dan Sargassum sp. juga berpengaruh nyata pada kadar SOD serum tikus yang diinduksi stres oksidatif dengan diet tinggi minyak pemanasan berulang masing-masing sebesar 21.11 ± 0.29 dan 23.18 ± 2.24 unit/100 μl, namun masih belum setinggi kadar SOD tikus kontrol sehat (46.43 ± 4.67 unit/100 μl). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak E. cottonii dan Sargasuum sp. mampu menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan kadar SOD pada tikus yang diinduksi stres oksidatif melalui pemberian pakan mengandung minyak pemanasan berulang.
English Abstract
Vegetable oils plays an important role in food processing, especially frying. Recent concerns about frying method is its high temperature during the process, ranges between 170ºC up to 220ºC where lipid oxidation possibly occured in the presence of oxygen. This will lead to free radical production, especially those containing high polyunsaturated fatty acids such as soybean oil. Repeated heating or reusing oils for several times does occur in practice, for cost reduction. On the other hand, repeated heated oil cause extent lipid peroxidation, thus excessive radical molecule may be produced. Excessive free radical may induce oxidative stress in tissue and furthermore leads to chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation plays important role in degenerative disease. Free radical can be scavenged by endogenous antioxidant, but when free radicals exceed the antioxidant capacity exogenous antioxidant may be required. Algae, such as red algae (E. cottonii) and brown algae (Sargassum sp.) has been known as one of natural antioxidant sources. To obtain optimum yield of antioxidant such as polyphenolic compounds, a suitable extraction method, such as Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) was applied. In present study, the effects of red algae and brown algae ethanolic extract on MDA and SOD level in oxidative-stress induced rats with repeated heated oil over consumption for 28 days were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups differing in the type of diet: standard diet (normal group), diet with high content of repeated heated oil (oxidative-stress group), diet with high content of repeated heated oil + E.cottonii extract and diet with high content of repeated heated oil + Sargassum sp. extract. The treatment was given for 28 days (4 weeks). At the end of the experiment, blood was collected by means of cardiac puncture for analysis of MDA and SOD serum. The results showed that total phenolic compounds in Eucheuma cottonii and Sargassum sp. extract were 118,64 ± 30,59 mg PGE/ g extract and 122,54 ± 43,41 mg PGE/ g extract respectively. Animal study showed that both extracts significantly affected (α=0.05) MDA level in serum of oxidative stress induced rats with repeated heated oil over-consumption as much as 2.62 ± 0.11 and 2.30 ± 0.26 ng/100 μl respectively. The MDA level were lower than that in the control group of rats induced oxidative stress without given an algae extract (3.29 ± 0.43 ng/100 μl) but still higher than that in the control group of normal rats (1,38 ± 0,17 ng/100 μl). Furthermore, both extracts were able to increase significantly (α=0.05) SOD level in serum of oxidative stress induced rats as much as 21.11 ± 0.29 and 23.18 ± 2.24 unit/100 μl respectively. The SOD level was higher than that in the control group of rats induced oxidative stress without given an algae extract (15.08 ± 1.31 unit/100 μl) but still lower than that in the control group of normal rats (46,43 ± 4,67 unit/100 μl). From this experiment, it can be concluded that E. cottonii and Sargassum sp. extract are potent to decrease MDA serum level as well as to increase SOD serum level in oxidative stress induced rats with repeated heated soybean oil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/433/051809807 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ekstrak alga merah, Ekstrak alga coklat, Minyak Pemanasan Berulang, Stres Oksidatif,/ Brown Algae Extract, Oxidative-Stress, Red Algae Extract, Repeated Heated Soy Oil |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.32 Drugs derived from plants and mikroorganisms > 615.329 89 Drugs derived from microorganism, fungi, algae (Rhodophyta (Red algae)) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jul 2019 02:34 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Mar 2022 06:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/165169 |
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