Nugroho, Shani Agung (2018) Pengaruh Konsentrasi MnSO4 dan Unrefined Sea Salt terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Hasil Degradasi Lignoselulosa Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Jamur Phlebia sp. MG-60. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia dengan rata-rata produksi 20.349.018 ton setiap tahun. Sebanyak 22–23% (220–230 kg) tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dihasilkan setiap pengolahan 1 ton Tandan Buah Segar (TBS). TKKS adalah biomassa lignoselulosa, kaya bahan organik termasuk selulosa (38,76%), hemiselulosa (26,69%), dan lignin (22,23%) (berdasarkan total padatan/TS). Meskipun memiliki potensi tinggi dalam volume dan kandungan organik, pemanfaatan TKKS di Indonesia baik untuk bioenergi maupun produk bernilai tinggi masih terbatas. Disamping itu, pretreatment biologis menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih tampaknya menjadi alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk pemanfaatan TKKS. Phlebia sp. MG-60, sebagai salah satu jamur pelapuk putih, memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan etanol dengan rendemen tinggi dari berbagai jenis biomassa lignoselulosa (seperti pulp, limbah koran, kayu ek, dan ampas tebu). Phlebia sp. MG-60 menghasilkan Mangan Peroksidase (MnP), yang berperan sebagai salah satu enzim utama dalam degradasi lignin dan produksinya dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi Mn2+. Phlebia sp. MG-60 dapat secara optimal menghasilkan MnP di bawah kondisi hipersalin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan MnSO4 dan sea salt terhadap susut berat, degradasi selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin serta kadar bioetanol hasil degradasi lignoselulosa TKKS oleh Phlebia sp. MG-60. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga faktor yaitu konsentrasi MnSO4 (0, 300, dan 600 mg/l) dan konsentrasi sea salt (0%, 3%, dan 5% (w/v)), dan lama inkubasi (0, 10, 20, dan viii 30 hari). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan MnSO4, sea salt, dan interaksinya, serta lama inkubasi memberikan pengaruh secara nyata (ρ value<0,05) terhadap respon susut berat, TGR, TSP, pH, kadar lignin, dan kadar bioetanol. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada M1S1 (MnSO4 300 mg/L dan sea salt 3%) dengan TGR tertinggi (22,471 mg/g), TSP (0,334 mg/g), persentase susut berat (16,23%), dan kadar bioetanol (0,71%), dengan persentase lignin terendah (19,17%), dan pH (6,1).
English Abstract
Indonesia, as the largest palm oil producing countries, produces in average of 20,349,018 tons palm oil annually. Approximately 22-23% (or 220-230 kg) of empty palm oil bunches (EPOB) can be generated from one ton of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). EPOB is lignocellulosic biomass, rich in organic matters include cellulose (38.76%), hemicellulose (26.69%), and lignin (22.23%) (on a basis of total solid/TS). Despite its high potency in volume and organic content, EPOB valorization in Indonesia either for bioenergy and high value products is still limited. Yet, biological pre-treatment using white-rot fungi seem to be a promising pathway to valorize EPOB. Phlebia sp. MG-60, as one of the white-rot fungi, has an ability to produce a high yield ethanol from various type of lignocellulosic biomass (i.e. unbleached hardwood kraft pulp, newspaper waste, oak wood, and bagasse). Phlebia sp. MG-60 produce Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), which plays as one of the main enzymes in lignin degradation and its production is influenced by the concentration of Mn2+. Furthermore, Phlebia sp. MG-60 can optimally produce MnP under hypersaline condition. This study aimed to determine effects of the addition of MnSO4 and sea salt on weight loss, on the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as, on bioethanol concentration, generated from EPOB lignocellulose degradation by Phlebia sp. MG-60. The factorial experiment in a randomized block design was used, consists of three factors: MnSO4 concentration (0, 300, and 600 mg/l), sea salt concentration (0%, 3%, and 5% (w/v)), and incubation period (0, 10, 20, and 30 days). The results showed that the addition of MnSO4, sea salt, and their interaction, as well as the incubation period were x significantly different (ρ value < 0.05) on the weight loss, total soluble phenol (TSP), total reducing sugar (TRS), pH, lignin concentration, and bioethanol concentration. The best treatment was obtained from the addition of MnSO4 300mg/l, sea salt 3% and incubation period 20 days. This treatment has the highest value of TRS (22,471 mg/g), TSP (0,334 mg/g), weight loss (16,23%), and bioethanol (0,71%), with the lowest value of lignin (19,17%) and pH (6.1).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/438/051809905 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioetanol, Biomasa Lignoseluosa, MnSO4, Phlebia sp. MG-60, Sea Salt, TKKS,/ Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, MnSO4, Phlebia sp. MG-60, Sea Salt, EPOB |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 665 Technology of industrial oils, fats, waxes, gases > 665.3 Vegetable fats and oils > 665.35 Seed oils > 665.355 Coconut oil |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Oct 2019 03:16 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Oct 2019 03:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/164504 |
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