Wulandari, Hanun Ari (2018) Ekstraksi Tanin Biji Pinang Kering (Areca catechu L.) dengan Perlakuan Pendahuluan Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pinang (Areca catechu L.) adalah salah satu spesies pohon palem yang hanya tumbuh di daerah tropis dan sub tropis yang hangat. Persebaran pinang di Indonesia cukup luas di berbagai daerah meliputi Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, dan Papua. Jumlah produksi tanaman pinang mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2012 sebesar 42 ribu ton hingga tahun 2015 sebesar 47,1 ribu ton buah. Biji pinang mampu mengobati berbagai jenis penyakit seperti diare, cacingan, dan penyakit kulit. Hal ini karena pada biji pinang memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Pada penelitian terdahulu, ekstraksi biji pinang menghasilkan tanin sebesar 6,45%. Kandungan tanin pada biji pinang dapat diperoleh melalui proses ekstraksi maserasi. Ekstraksi maserasi membutuhkan banyak pelarut dan memerlukan waktu ekstraksi yang lama, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi dengan perlakuan pendahuluan. Salah satu metode perlakuan pendahuluan adalah Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). PEF merupakan suatu metode pengolahan non termal dengan menggunakan kejut listrik berintensitas tinggi yang dapat diaplikasikan pada bahan berbentuk padat maupun cair. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi dan waktu paparan PEF terhadap kadar tanin pada ekstraksi biji pinang, mengetahui besar frekuensi dan waktu paparan PEF terbaik, dan mengetahui efisiensi ekstraksi biji pinang kering dengan perlakuan PEF. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan dua faktor, yaitu frekuensi sebesar 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 kHz dan waktu paparan PEF selama 30, 35, 40 detik. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga menghasilkan 27 satuan percobaan. Analisis fisik berupa rendemen, kadar air, kualitatif tanin, kadar tanin, dan viii aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil analisis fisik dilakukan pengolahan data dengan regresi linier berganda menggunakan software SPSS. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah perlakuan PEF variasi frekuensi dan waktu paparan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar tanin ekstrak biji pinang. Kadar tanin ekstrak biji pinang tanpa perlakuan PEF sebesar 451,75 mg GAE/g dan perlakuan PEF sebesar 507,42 mg GAE/g. Perlakuan PEF terbaik yaitu pada frekuensi 1,2 kHz dan waktu paparan 30 detik, menghasilkan kadar tanin sebesar 507,42 mg GAE/g. Ekstrak biji pinang dengan perlakuan PEF menghasilkan efisiensi proses ekstraksi sebesar 71,78%, meningkat sebanyak 29,76% dari perlakuan tanpa PEF (42,02%).
English Abstract
Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the only palm tree species grown in warm tropical and subtropical regions. The spread of areca nut in Indonesia is quite wide in various areas including Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. The total production of areca plants has increased from 42 thousand tons in 2012 to 47.1 thousand tons in 2015. Its seeds are able to treat various types of diseases such as diarrhea, intestinal worms, and skin diseases. This is because the areca nut contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. In previous research, the extraction of areca seeds contained 6.45% of tannin. The tannins in the areca nuts can be obtained through the process of extracting maceration. Maceration need much solvent and take a long time of extraction, therefore it is necessary to do a pre-treatment in order to modify the maceration method. The Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is one of the pre-treatment methods. PEF is a nonthermal processing method using a high-intensity electric shock which can be applied to solid and liquid materials. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of frequency and PEF exposure time on the tannin content found in the areca seeds extraction, find out the best frequency and PEF exposure time, and also to find out about the efficiency of dry areca seeds extraction using the PEF treatment. The design of this study used two factors, namely the frequency of 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 kHz and PEF exposure time for 30, 35, and 40 seconds. The treatment was repeated 3 times to produce 27 experimental units. The physical analysis of yield, moisture content, qualitative tannin, tannin content, and antioxidant activity. The result of the physical analysis is done by x data processing with multiple linear regression using the SPSS software. The conclusion of the study is that PEF treatment variations in frequency and exposure time do not have a significant effect on tannins in areca seed extract. Areca nut extract tannin content without PEF treatment was 451.75 mg GAE/g and with PEF treatment was 507.42 mg GAE/g. The best PEF treatment is at frequency of 1.2 kHz and exposure time of 30 seconds, resulting tannin content of 507.42 mg GAE/g. Areca nut extract with PEF treatment resulted in an efficiency of extraction process of 71.78%, increase of 29.76% of the treatment without PEF (42.02%).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/442/051809952 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biji Pinang, Ekstraksi, Kadar Tanin, PEF, / Areca Seeds, Extraction, Tannin Content, PEF |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 584 Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) > 584.5 Arecidae |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2019 07:40 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Mar 2022 04:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/164119 |
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