Rusdiyana, Dwi Setiyawati (2018) Reduksi Sampah di TPS dan TPST Melalui Pengelolaan Sampah Organik dan Anorganik di Kecamatan Pamekasan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sampah merupakan salah satu permasalahan kompleks yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang maupun negara maju di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada data Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Tahun 2010 yang menyebutkan bahwa volume rata-rata sampah di Indonesia mencapai 200 ribu ton/ hari. Penyebab meningkatnya volume timbulan sampah dikarenakan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, kebutuhan masyarakat dan teknologi. Meningkatnya volume timbulan sampah tersebut berasal dari sampah dengan bahan organik dan bahan anorganik. Sampah organik merupakan sampah yang bisa mengalami pelapukan dan terurai menjadi bahan yang lebih kecil seperti kertas, kayu, ranting pohon, makanan dan lain-lain. Sedangkan sampah anorganik merupakan sampah yang berasal dari sumber daya alam yang tidak terbarui, seperti mineral dan sisa-sisa hasil produksi. Secara keseluruhan, sebagian dari zat anorganik tidak dapat diuraikan oleh alam. Sedangkan sebagian lainnya lagi dapat diuraikan dalam waktu yang sangat lama. Oleh karena itu sampah perlu dilakukan penanganannya secara komprehensif dan terpadu dari hulu ke hilir. Meningkatnya volume timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan juga didasari oleh kegiatan masyarakat yang tidak diimbangi dengan jumlah sarana persampahan. Sarana perasampahan tersebut seperti sistem pemindahan, pengolahan dan pengangkutan yang masih belum memadai. Hal tersebut merupakan permasalahan umum yang sering ditemui hampir diseluruh kota yang ada di Indonesia. Permasalahan sampah ini juga ditemui di Kecamatan Pamekasan, dimana masalah persampahan di Kecamatan Pamekasan sudah menjadi masalah yang harus segera mendapatkan perhatian serius, baik oleh pemerintah maupun oleh masyarakat seperti halnya upaya untuk meminimalisir timbulan sampah organik dan anorganik. Pengelolaan persampahan di Kecamatan Pamekasan saat ini ditangani oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kecamatan Pamekasan dan didukung oleh masyarakat melalui Paguyuban Kebersihan Lingkungan yang dikelola oleh Kelurahan (RT/RW). Pada penelitian ini sampah yang menjadi tujuan utama yaitu sampah yang masuk di TPS dan TPST Kecamatan Pamekasan, dimana sampah tersebut merupakan sampah campuran hasil kegiatan rumah tangga atau perumahan yang terkumpul di TPS dan TPST. Dengan pengertian tersebut maka lokasi pemindahan sampah yang masuk ke dalam pengamatan penelitian ini berjumlah 12 titik yang terdiri dari 9 titik TPS dan 3 titik TPST. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi terkait kinerja operasional sampah di TPS dan TPST serta memberikan rekomendasi terkait potensi reduksi sampah di masing-masing TPS dan TPST. Sebelum diketahui rekomendasi maka perlu dilakukan perhitungan terkait kinerja operasional sampah di masing-masing TPS dan TPST yaitu dengan membandingkan kondisi eksisting sarana prasarana persampahan (sistem pemindahan, sistem pengolahan, dan sistem pengangkutan) dengan acuan normatif. Perhitungan kinerja operasional sampah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengukuran skala likert. Dimana terbagi menjadi dua kategori kesesuaian yaitu kategori sesuai dan kategori kurang sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 3 TPST dan 4 TPS yang termasuk dalam kategori sesuai antara lain TPST Lestari, TPST Bestari, dan TPST Putra Bangsa serta TPS Barkot, TPS Dirgahayu, TPS Segara, dan TPS Kolpajung. Sedangkan 5 TPS lainnya termasuk dalam kategori kurang sesuai antara lain TPS Trunojoyo, TPS Brawijaya, TPS Gladak Anyar, TPS Nyalabuh Permai, dan TPS Jalmak. Kategori penilaian kurang sesuai diakibatkan oleh beberapa indikator yang memiliki nilai rendah yaitu sarana pemindahan, pola pemindahan, sarana pengolahan, kegiatan pengolahan, sarana pengangkutan, frekuensi pengangkutan, dan pola pengangkutan. Sedangkan untuk hasil perhitungan reduksi sampah maka setelah dilakukan peningkatan kegiatan pengomposan maka TPST Lestari mampu mereduksi sampah sebesar 31%, TPST Bestari 36%, TPST Putra Bangsa 32%, TPS Barkot 35%, TPS Trunojoyo 43%, TPS Brawijaya 26%, TPS Gladak Anyar 26%, TPS Dirgahayu 31%, TPS Segara 30%, TPS Nyalabuh Permai 40%, TPS Jalmak 28%, dan TPS Kolpajung 32%. Dapat disimpulkan setelah adanya peningkatan kegiatan pengomposan pada seluruh TPS dan TPST maka telah mampu memenuhi target Pemerintah Kabupaten Pamekasan yaitu dapat mereduksi sampah hingga 20%. Rekomendasi yang diberikan terkait kinerja operasional yaitu perubahan wadah komunal menjadi landasan kontainer dan penambahan gudang dengan konsekuensi membutuhkan dana dan kajian untuk penambahan sarana pemindahan sampah, penambahan sarana tempat pemilahan sampah anorganik dengan konsekuensi memberikan sosialisasi kepada petugas kebersihan di masing-masing TPS dan TPST untuk melakukan kegiatan pemilahan sampah anorganik. Sedangkan rekomendasi untuk reduksi sampah yaitu pengalokasian 9 titik TPS dengan konsekuensi membutuhkan dana dan kajian lebih lanjut. Pengalokasian titik TPS tersebut dikarenakan penambahan kegiatan pengomposan tidak bisa dilakukan akibat tidak tersedianya lahan yang cukup pada 9 TPS tersebut.
English Abstract
Waste is one of the complex problems faced by developing and developed countries in the world, including Indonesia. This can be seen in the data from the Ministry of Environment in 2010 which stated that the average volume of waste in Indonesia reached 200 thousand tons / day. The cause of the increasing volume of waste generation is due to the increase in population, community needs and technology. The increasing volume of waste generation comes from waste with organic materials and inorganic materials. Organic waste is waste that can experience weathering and decompose into smaller materials such as paper, wood, tree branches, food and others. Whereas inorganic waste is garbage originating from non-renewable natural resources, such as minerals and remnants of production. Overall, a portion of inorganic substances cannot be broken down by nature. While others can be described in a very long time. Therefore, waste needs to be handled comprehensively and integrated from upstream to downstream. Increasing the volume of waste generation produced is also based on community activities that are not balanced with the number of garbage facilities. The waste facilities such as the transfer, processing and transportation systems are still inadequate. This is a common problem that is often found in almost all cities in Indonesia. This garbage problem is also found in Pamekasan Subdistrict, where waste problems in Pamekasan Subdistrict have become a problem that must immediately get serious attention, both by the government and by the community as well as efforts to minimize the generation of organic and inorganic waste. Waste management in Pamekasan Subdistrict is currently handled by the Environmental Office of Pamekasan Subdistrict and supported by the community through the Environmental Hygiene Association which is managed by the village. In this study, the main purpose of the waste is the garbage that enters the Temporary Shelter and Integrated Temporary Shelter in the Pamekasan Sub- District, where the waste is mixed waste from household or residential activities collected in the Temporary Shelter and Integrated Temporary Shelter. With this understanding, the location of trash removal into the observation of this study amounted to 12 points consisting of 9 Temporary Shelter points and 3 Integrated Temporary Shelter points. This study aims to provide recommendations regarding the operational performance of waste in Temporary Shelter and Integrated Temporary Shelter Sites and provide recommendations regarding the potential for waste reduction. Before the recommendation is known, it is necessary to calculate the operational performance of waste in each Temporary Shelter and Integrated Temporary Shelter by comparing the existing conditions of waste infrastructure facilities (transfer system, processing system and transportation system) with normative references. Calculation of waste operational performance is carried out using the Likert scale measurement method. Where it is divided into two categories of suitability, namely the appropriate category and the inappropriate category. Based on the results of the study there were 3 integrated temporary shelters and 4 temporary shelter that were included in the appropriate categories, including Bestari Integrated Temporary Shelter, Putra Bangsa Integrated Temporary Shelter and Barkot Temporary Shelter, Dirgahayu Temporary Shelter, Segara Temporary Shelter and Kolpajung Temporary Shelter. While the other 5 polling stations included in the inappropriate category include the Trunojoyo Temporary Shelter, Brawijaya Temporary Shelter, Gladak Anyar Temporary Shelter, Nyalabuh Permai Temporary Shelter, and Jalmak Temporary Shelter. Inappropriate assessment categories are caused by several indicators which have low values, namely means of transfer, transfer patterns, processing facilities, processing activities, transportation facilities, transportation frequency, and transportation patterns. As for the results of the calculation of waste reduction after an increase in composting activities, Lestari Integrated Temporary Shelter was able to reduce waste by 31%, Bestari Integrated Temporary Shelter is 36%, Putra Bangsa Integrated Temporary Shelter is 32%, Barkot Temporary Shelter is 35%, while Trunojoyo Temporary Shelter is 43%, Brawijaya Temporary Shelter is 26%, Gladak Anyar Temporary Shelter is 26%, Dirgahayu Temporary Shelter is 31%, Segara Temporary Shelter is 30%, Nyalabuh Permai Temporary Shelter is 40%, Jalmak Temporary Shelter is 28%, and Kolpajung Temporary Shelter is 32%. It can be concluded that after an increase in composting activities in all Temporary Shelter and Integrated Temporary Shelter Sites has been able to meet the target of the Pamekasan Regency Government, which is able to reduce waste by up to 20%. The recommendations given related to operational performance, namely the change of communal containers into container bases and the addition of warehouses with the consequence of requiring funds and studies for the addition of garbage transfer facilities, adding facilities for sorting inorganic waste with the consequence of providing information to janitors at each Temporary Shelter and Place Integrated Temporary Shelter to carry out the sorting activities of inorganic waste. While the recommendations for waste reduction are the allocation of 9 temporary shelter points with the consequences of requiring funding and further study. The allocation of Temporary Shelter points is due to the addition of composting activities due to the unavailability of sufficient land in the 9 Temporary Shelter Sites.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2018/1058/051811715 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pengelolaan Sampah, Reduksi Sampah |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 363 Other social problems and services > 363.7 Environmental problems > 363.72 Sanitation > 363.728 Wastes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Perencanaa Wilayah dan Kota |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2019 04:24 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Mar 2022 01:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/162618 |
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