Utaminingrum, Desyani Putri and Fani, Sufika (2018) Pengolahan Limbah Laundry untuk Menurunkan Nilai COD dengan Metode Koagulasi-Flokulasi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Meningkatnya industri laundry di kota Malang mengakibatkan meningkat pula penggunaan deterjen. Umumnya deterjen tersusun atas tiga komponen yaitu, surfaktan (sebagai bahan dasar deterjen) sebesar 20-30%, builders (senyawa fosfat) sebesar 70-80 %, dan bahan aditif (pemutih dan pewangi) yang relatif sedikit yaitu 2-8%. Surfaktan yang banyak digunakan saat ini yaitu senyawa Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS). ABS merupakan senyawa organik yang biasa digunakan sebagai surfaktan anionik dan berfungsi menurunkan tegangan permukaan air. Perairan yang terkontaminasi ABS akan dipenuhi busa sehingga berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan makhluk hidup melalui salah satu parameter yaitu Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi. Salah satu proses pengolahan limbah yang mengandung ABS adalah koagulasi-flokulasi dengan penambahan koagulan yaitu Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). Kelebihan dari koagulan PAC yaitu dapat bekerja pada rentang pH luas, lebih cepat membentuk flok dan mudah didapatkan. Dalam proses koagulasiflokulasi, untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis koagulan dan pH awal sampel, maka digunakan variasi dosis koagulan PAC yaitu 200, 400, 600, dan 800 mg/L sampel dan variasi pH awal sampel yaitu 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9. Proses koagulasi-flokukasi dilakukan menggunakan jar test dengan pengadukan cepat 120 rpm selama 1 menit dan pengadukan lambat 45 rpm selama 30 menit. Hasil koagulasi-flokulasi didiamkan selama 60 menit kemudian dianalisis penurunan COD. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis koagulan PAC dan pH awal sampel sangat mempengaruhi proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Hasil optimum pada penelitian ini terjadi pada dosis koagulan PAC 400 mg/L sampel dengan pH awal sampel 7 yang memiliki persentase penurunan COD sebesar 98,75%. Hal ini dikarenakan, jika dosis yang ditambahkan diatas 400 mg/L sampel maka terjadi efek restabilisasi koloid. Sedangan pada pH awal sampel 7 dikarenakan lebih banyak membentuk endapan Al(OH)3, spesies hidrolisat Al positif, dan polimer Al13, sehingga mekanisme yang terjadi lebih optimum.
English Abstract
The increase in the laundry industry in the city of Malang resulted in an increase in the use of detergents. Generally detergent is composed of three components, namely, surfactant (as a detergent base material) of 20-30%, builders (phosphate compounds) of 70-80%, and relatively little additives (bleach and deodorizer) that is 2-8%. Surfactants that are widely used today are Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) compounds. ABS is an organic compound commonly used as anionic surfactant and serves to reduce the surface tension of water. The waters contaminated with ABS will be filled with foam so that it has a bad impact on the environment and living things through one of the parameters, namely high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). One of the treatment processes containing ABS is coagulation-flocculation with the addition of a coagulant, Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC). The advantage of PAC coagulant is that it can work in a wide pH range, faster forming floc and easily available. In the coagulation-flocculation process, to determine the effect of coagulant dose and initial pH of the sample, a variety of PAC coagulant dosages were used, namely 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg / L samples and variations in the initial pH of the samples were 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The coagulation-flocculation process was carried out using a jar test with 120 rpm fast stirring for 1 minute and 45 rpm slow stirring for 30 minutes. Coagulation-flocculation results were allowed to stand for 60 minutes then the COD reduction was analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the dose of PAC coagulant and initial pH of the sample greatly affect the coagulation-flocculation process. The optimum results in this study occurred at a dose of PAC coagulant 400 mg / L sample with an initial pH of the sampel is 7 which had a COD reduction percentage of 98.75%. This is because, if the dose is added above 400 mg / L sample, the effect of colloid restabilization occurs. While at the initial pH of sample 7 due to more forming Al(OH)3 precipitate, Al positive hydrolyzate species, and Al13 polymer, so the mechanism occurs more optimally.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2018/1011/051811134 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Limbah laundry, koagulasi, flokulasi, PAC, COD. laundry waste, coagulation, flocculation, PAC, COD. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 628 Sanitary engineering > 628.4 Waste technology, public toilets, street cleaning |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Mar 2019 02:05 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2022 03:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/162412 |
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