Rahayu, Esti Dwi (2018) Potensi Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Sebagai Fungisida Nabati Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun (Helminthosporium Sp.) Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan pestisida nabati untuk menekan kehilangan hasil pertanian akibat adanya serangan hama dan penyakit. Selama ini petani di Indonesia sering menggunakan fungisida kimia untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut. Namun penggunaan fungisida kimia dapat berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan. Cara alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan fungisida nabati dari ekstrak jahe, bawang putih, lada, teh, dan kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak jahe, bawang putih, lada, teh, dan kopi untuk menekan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. dan mengetahui ekstrak tanaman yang paling berpengaruh untuk menekan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Agustus 2018. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan berupa kontrol, penambahan ekstrak jahe, bawang putih, lada, teh, kopi, dan bahan aktif mankozeb pada konsentrasi 10%. Perlakuan secara in vitro dilakukan dengan metode peracunan makanan yaitu dengan meletakkan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. pada cawan yang berisi PDA dan ekstrak tanaman. Pengamatan berupa perhitungan persentase penghambatan diameter koloni jamur dan berat kering jamur. Selain itu dilakukan pengamatan pengaruh ekstrak tanaman terhadap perkecambahan konida jamur. Pengamatan berupa perhitungan konidia yang berkecambah dan tidak berkecambah. Perlakuan secara in vivo dengan menggunakan daun jagung yang diberi perlakuan lalu diinokulasikan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. Pengamatan berupa persentase serangan penyakit dan masa inkubasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunkan analisis ragam (Anova). Apabila data berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman jahe, bawang putih, lada, teh, dan kopi pada konsentrasi 10% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. Perlakuan secara in vitro dan in vivo memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap perkembangan jamur patogen Helminthosporium sp. Persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni jamur Helminthosporium sp. paling efektif pada penambahan ekstrak lada sebesar 98.74%. Berat kering jamur menunjukkan hasil bahwa berat kering paling rendah adalah 0.01 gram pada penambahan ekstrak lada. Pengaruh beberapa ekstrak tanaman terhadap viabilitas konidia menunjukkan hasil bahwa persentase konidia yang paling rendah adalah pada penambahan ekstrak teh yaitu sebesar 4.62%. Secara in vivo menunjukkan ekstrak lada mampu menghambat serangan penyakit Helminthosporium sp. sebesar 13.29% pada 4.25 hari setelah inokulasi.
English Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries that has high biodiversity. Therefore, Indonesia has the potential to develop biopesticide to reduce yield loss agricultural due to pests and diseases. During this time farmers in Indonesia often using chemical fungicides to control the disease. However, use a chemical fungicides can have a negative impact on the environment. An alternative way that is more environmentally friendly is by using the biofungicides from the extract of ginger, garlic, pepper, tea, and coffee. This research aims to determine the ability of extracts of ginger, garlic, pepper, tea and coffee to suppress pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. and knowing the most influential plant extracts to suppress pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. The research helm on March - August 2018. The research using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were control, addition of extract of ginger, garlic, pepper, tea, coffee, and active ingredients mankozeb at a concentration of 10%. In vitro treatment use the method of food poisoning, The method is to put a pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. on the petri dish which contains PDA and plant extracts. The observation consist of calculation of the percentage inhibition of diameter of the fungal colony and the biomass of the fungus. In addition, the effect of plant extracts on conida fungus germination was observed. Observations of the variables used is the calculation of the conidia which germinate and did not germinate. In vivo treatment using corn leaves treated and inoculated with pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. The observations consist of percentage of disease attacks and incubation period. The data analyzed by analysis of variance and then followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that extracts of ginger, garlic, pepper, tea, and coffee at a concentration of 10% are able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. In vitro and in vivo treatments had a significantly different effect on the development of pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. The percentage inhibition of the growth of Helminthosporium sp. colonies most effectively on the addition of pepper extract was 98.74%. The biomass of the fungus showed that the lowest biomass was 0.01 grams on the addition of pepper extract. The effect of some plant extracts on the viability of conidial showed that the lowest percentage of conidia was on the addition of tea extract which was 4.62%. In vivo showed pepper extract is able to inhibit the attack of the disease Helminthosporium sp. amounted to 13.29% at 4.25 day after inoculation
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/898/051811616 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fungisida Nabati, Ekstrak Tanaman, Penyakit Hawar Daun, Helminthosporium Sp, Tanaman Jagung |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control > 632.95 Pesticides > 632.952 Fungicides |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Feb 2019 02:38 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 01:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161953 |
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