Pengaruh Biochar Sekam Padi Dosis Tinggi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Pada Typic Kanhapludults

Widyantika, Yafitri Dewi (2018) Pengaruh Biochar Sekam Padi Dosis Tinggi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Pada Typic Kanhapludults. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Typic Kanhapludults dikenal dengan sebutan lahan kering masam yang mempunyai kendala pH tanah yang tergolong masam (<5,5), bahan organik rendah (<1%), berat isi cukup padat (>1,3 g cm-3), ruang pori total relatif rendah serta rendahnya pori air tersedia sehingga tidak optimal dalam menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman. Pemberian pembenah tanah seperti biochar sekam padi dapat membantu peningkatan kandungan bahan organik dalam tanah, sehingga memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah serta pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui sifat fisik tanah jenis Typic Kanpludults terhadap dosis biochar yang berbeda, dan (2) mengetahui potensi pemberian biochar dosis tinggi pada tanah jenis Typic Kanhapludults terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanah dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 ulangan pada unit indikator tanaman jagung hibrida varietas Pertiwi 3. Perlakuan terdiri dari pemberian beberapa dosis biochar sekam padi, yaitu: P0 = kontrol (dosis 40 t ha-1, berdasarkan Shalsabila (2014) bahwa pemberian biochar dosis 40 t ha-1 adalah perlakuan terbaik pada Typic Kanhapludults), P1 = dosis 200 t ha-1, P2 = dosis 400 t ha-1, P3 = dosis 700 t ha-1, dan P4 = dosis 1000 t ha-1. Variabel yang diamati meliputi: sifat fisika tanah (berat isi, berat jenis, ruang pori total, distribusi pori, permeabilitas serta tekstur tanah) dan sifat kimia tanah (C-organik) yang dianalisis setelah percobaan (kecuali tekstur tanah ditetapkan sebelum percobaan); parameter pertumbuhan tanaman jagung yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 MST), serta biomassa basah dan kering tanaman (9 MST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian aplikasi biochar dengan dosis tinggi secara nyata dapat memperbaiki beberapa sifat fisika tanah seperti menurunkan berat isi dan berat jenis tanah, serta meningkatkan persentase ruang pori total (RPT) dan meningkatkan persentase pori air tersedia (PAT). Menurunkan laju permeabilitas, serta menurunkan persentase pori drainase cepat (PDC). Namun demian, penggunaan aplikasi biochar sekam padi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pori drainase lambat (PDL). Pemberian perlakuan biochar sekam padi dengan dosis lebih tinggi dibanding dosis kontrol pada Typic Kanhapludults, dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah untuk menunjang pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung yang ditunjukkan secara nyata melalui peningkatan tinggi tanaman, biomassa basah dan kering tanaman. Sedangkan pada parameter diameter batang dan jumlah daun tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dari semua perlakuan.

English Abstract

Typic Kanhapludults as acid dry soil which has a acidity of soil pH (<5,5), low orgaic matter (<1%), BI (>1,3 g cm-3), low total pore space (RPT) and low pore water (PAT) so this not optimal in supporting plant growth. Provision of soil such as biochar rice husk can increase the organic matter in soil, for improving soil physical properties and plant growth. The research aimed to (1) knowing properties soil type Typic Kanhapludults to doses of different biochar, and (2) knowing the potential of biochar high doses on soil type Typic Kanhapludults to vegetative growth of maize. The research was conducted in the glass house of Balai Penelitian Tanah arranging in Fully Randomized Design with 4 replications in the indicator unit of hybrid maize Pertiwi 3 variety. The treatments used were some doses of biochar, those were: P0 = control (dose of 40 t ha-1, based on Shalsabila (2014) biochar application on dose of 40 t ha-1 was the best treatment on Typic Kanhapludults), P1 = dose of 200 t ha-1, P2 = dose of 400 t h-1, P3 = dose of 700 t ha-1, and P4 = dose of 1000 t ha-1. The observed variables include: soil physical properties (bulk density, particle density, porosity, pore distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and soil chemical properties (C-organic) were analyzed at the end of experiment (unless the soil texture determined before experimen); the growth of maize which include plant height, stem diameter and number of leaf (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 WAP) and also fresh and dry weight of maize (9 WAP). The results showed that application of biochar with high doses can significantly improve some soil physics properties such as decreasing the weight and soil weight, and increasing total pore space (RPT) and available water pores (PAT). Biochar rice husk applications has no significant effect on permeability, as well as rapid pore drainage (PDC). The slow drainage pore (PDL) also showed no significant effect on biochar. Provision of rice husk biochar treatment with higher doses than control doses on Typic Kanhapludults can improve soil physical properties to support vegetative growth of maize crops shown significantly through increased plant height, wet and dry biomass crops. While the stem diameter and number of leaves plant not a significant effect from all treatments.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2018/481/051809316
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tanaman jagung
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	21 Mar 2019 03:38
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2022 03:15
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161679

Text SYAFITRI DEWI WIDYANTIKA.pdf Download (14MB)

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