Wandita, Tiara Septika (2018) Jarak Genetik 47 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Introduksi Asal Kamerun Bedasarkan Karakter Morfologi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan komoditi perkebunan yang mempunyai peran penting dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan di Indonesia, khususnya aspek perekonomian dalam negeri. Hal tersebut ditunjang dengan meningkatnya permintaan minyak sawit dunia untuk kebutuhan pangan (edible oil), industri (oleochemical), dan sumber energi alternatif berbasis biodiesel. Pengembangan industri kelapa sawit memerlukan beberapa upaya untuk mencapai peningkatan produktivitas nasional, salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan benih unggul bermutu didukung oleh ketersediaan sumber daya genetik (plasma nutfah) yang mempunyai tingkat keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk pengembangan kelapa sawit di Indonesia adalah melalui karakterisasi kelapa sawit intoduksi dari luar negeri. Mengingat hal tersebut maka diperlukannya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai analisis jarak genetik antar aksesi kelapa sawit introduksi asal Kamerun berdasarkan karakter morfologi untuk memperkaya genetik. Penelitian dilaksanakan Afdeling 3 kebun benih unit Adolina PTPN IV di Kecamatan Perbaungan, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai dan laboraturium analisa bahan tanaman Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit yang terletak di Jl. Brigjen Katamso No. 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, yang berlangsung dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2018. Pengamatan tunggal dilakukan pada 47 aksesi kelapa sawit introduksi asal Kamerun yang ditanam pada 13-15 Desember 2010 dan 10 tanaman kelapa sawit varietas PPKS 540 sebagai variabel pembanding. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskripsi tanaman untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi tanaman serta analisis jarak genetik. Analisis jarak genetik menggunakan analisis PCA dan analisis klaster. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh yaitu berdasarkan hasil PCA (Principal Componen Analysis) mereduksi karakter yang diamati menjadi enam komponen utama yang mempunyai eigen value > 1 dan mampu menjelaskan keragaman materi yang diuji sebesar 73,8%. Berdasarkan analisis kluster diperoleh jarak genetik 47 aksesi kelapa sawit asal Kamerun sebesar 57%. Hasil tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan hasil analisis data jarak genetik DxP PPKS 540 yaitu sebesar 16%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa jarak genetik aksesi asal Kamerun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan varietas DxP PPKS 540. Perbedaan itu disebabkan karena aksesi Kamerun masih tanaman liar dan belum dilakukan seleksi. Berbeda dengan varietas DxP PPKS 540 yang merupakan hasil seleksi beberapa kali. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, bila jarak genetik antar aksesi semakin jauh, maka semakin luas pula kergaman genetik antara karakter yang diamati. Bila keragaman genetik semakinv luas maka semakin besar pula peluang untuk keberhasilan seleksi dalam meningkatkan frekuensi gen yang diinginkan.
English Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plantation commodity that has an important role in various aspects of life in Indonesia, especially the domestic economy. This is supported by the increasing demand for world palm oil for food needs (edible oil), industrial (oleochemical), and alternative energy sources based on biodiesel. The development of the palm oil industry requires several efforts to achieve increased national productivity, one of which is the utilization of quality seeds supported by the availability of genetic resources (germplasm) that have a high level of genetic diversity. Efforts that can be made for the development of oil palm in Indonesia is through the characterization of oil palm intoduction from abroad. Considering this, further research on genetic distance analysis of palm oil accession introduced from Cameroon is based on morphological characters to produce parent elders that can produce heterosis properties. Research conducted at Afdeling 3 of Adolina PTPN IV and laboratory analysis of plant material of Palm Oil Research Center located on Jl. Brigjen Katamso No. 5, Medan, North Sumatera, which lasted from Janurary to March 2018. Single observations were made on 47 accession palm oil from Cameroon planted on 13-15 December 2010. Data analysis used was a description of the plant to know the character of plant morphology as well as genetic distance analysis. Analysis of genetic distance using PCA analysis and cluster analysis. The results obtained are based on the results of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) reduce the observed character into six major components that have eigen value> 1 and able to explain the material diversity tested for 73.8%. Based on the cluster analysis obtained the genetic distance of 47 accessions of palm oil from Cameroon by 57%. The result is greater than the result of data analysis of genetic distance DxP PPKS 540 that is equal to 16%. This proves that the genetic distance of accession from Cameroon is greater than that of DxP PPKS 540. The difference is due to the accession of Cameroon is still wild and has not been selected. Unlike the DxP PPKS 540 variety which is the result of selection several times. It can be concluded that, when the genetic distance between accessions is further away, the larger the genetic variability between the observed characters. If the genetic diversity is wider the greater the chance for successful selection in increasing the desired gene frequency.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/438/051808505 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kelapa Sawit, Elaeis guineensis Jacq, Plasma Nutfah, Morfologi |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils > 633.851 Oil palms |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Apr 2019 07:42 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 23:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161658 |
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