Afittra, Lihardika Nanda (2018) Aplikasi Mikoriza Arbuskula Dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pgpr) Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max (L) Merrill). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai (Glycine max (L). Merrill) ialah tanaman pangan terpenting ketiga setelah padi dan jagung. Pada tahun 2014, produktivitas kedelai mengalami peningkatan tertinggi, yaitu 1,6 ton per ha, sedangkan produksi tertinggi sebesar 954.000 ton, tetapi produktivitas masih jauh dari potensi hasil tanaman kedelai yang mencapai 2-3 ton per ha. Serta produksi kedelai nasional juga belum dapat memenuhi konsumsi kedelai nasional sebesar 2,7 juta ton di tahun 2014, sehingga masih defisit 1,75 juta ton. Oleh sebab itu Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara pengimpor kedelai terbesar di dunia, yaitu rata-rata sebesar 1-2 ton. Satu dari upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman kedelai ialah dengan aplikasi cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Penggunaan CMA tidak mencemari lingkungan, bahkan dalam jangka panjang dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta berguna sebagai bioremediasi lingkungan, sedangkan aplikasi PGPR dapat digunakan dalam upaya peningkatan produksi pangan dan perbaikan kualitas lingkungan hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh Mikoriza Arbuskula dan PGPR, serta untuk memperoleh perlakuan terbaik pada tanaman kedelai. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini ialah aplikasi Mikoriza dan PGPR memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2016 di Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya, Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah cangkul, Sprayer, koret, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), kamera, papan label pengamatan, penggaris, amplop dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan ialah Urea, SP-36, KCl, benih tanaman kedelai varietas Gema, cendawan Mikoriza, dan PGPR. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ilmiah menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga didapat 24 unit percobaan. Adapun perlakuan yang dicobakan ialah : A0 (Kontrol); A1 (Aplikasi Mikoriza (saat tanam)); A2 (Aplikasi PGPR 1 kali (saat tanam)); A3 (Aplikasi PGPR 2 kali (saat tanam + 2 mst)); A4 (Aplikasi PGPR 3 kali (saat tanam + 2 mst + 4 mst)); A5 (Aplikasi PGPR 3 kali + Mikoriza). Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi: komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun trifoliate, luas daun, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot basah total, dan bobot kering total) dan komponen hasil (jumlah polong isi per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot biji pertanaman, bobot 100 biji, hasil rata-rata tanaman, dan persentase peningkatan hasil tanaman). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F taraf 5%. Jika hasil analisa ragam beda nyata, maka dilakukan uji BNT dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Mikoriza (A1) meningkatkan hasil sebesar 44,27 %, PGPR 1 kali (A2) sebesar 17,60 %, PGPR 2 kali (A3)ii sebesar 34,70 %, PGPR 3 kali sebesar 43,88 %, serta aplikasi kombinasi Mikoriza dan PGPR sebesar 47,82 %. Perlakuan A1, A2, A3, A4, dan A5 meningkatkan hasil tanaman cukup tinggi, serta perlakuan A1, A3, A4, dan A5 berpengaruh nyata pada hasil rata-rata tanaman dibandingkan kontrol (A0), tetapi pengaruh antar perlakuan A1, A2, A3, A4, dan A5 tidak berbeda nyata.
English Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L), Merrill) is the third most important food crop after rice and maize. In 2014, soybean productivity experienced the highest increase, ie 1.6 tons per ha, while the highest production was 954,000 tons, but the productivity is a long way off from the yield potential of soybean crops that can reach 2-3 tons per ha. And the national production of soybean also can not supply the national soybean consumption of 2.7 million tons in 2014, so it still deficit 1.75 million tons. Therefore Indonesia became one of the largest soybean importer countries in the world, which is an average of 1-2 tons. One of the efforts that can be done to increase the productivity of soybean crop are using of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The use of AMF does not pollute the biosphere, even in the long-term can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and is useful as bioremediation. While PGPR aplication can be used in an effort to increase food production and improvement of the environmental quality. The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of Mycorhiza and PGPR, and to obtain the best treatment. The hypothesis of this research is the application of Mycorrhiza and PGPR gives a significant effect on growth and yield of soybean crop. This research was conducted from April to August 2016 at the Agro Techno Park University of Brawijaya, Jatikerto village, Kromengan subdistrict, Malang regency. The tools used in this research are Hoes used for soil cultivation, Sprayer for treatment application, Mow for weeding, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), cameras, display label board, ruler, envelope and stationery. The materials used include Urea, SP-36, KCl, soybean seeds varieties Gema, mycorrhizal fungi, and PGPR. This research uses Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 treatments and repeated 4 times in order to get 24 experimental units. The treatments are: A0 (Controlling); A1 (Mycorrhizal Application (on planting)); A2 (Application PGPR 1 time (on planting)); A3 (Application PGPR 2 times (on planting + 2 weeks after planting (wap)); A4 (Application PGPR 3 times (on planting + 2 wap + 4 wap)); A5 (PGPR Application 3 times + Mycorrhiza). Observations conducted by the destructive method with a parameter of observation include: growth component (plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, leaf area, number of productive branches, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant) and yield component (number of filled pods, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, average of yields, and percentage increase in yields). Data was analyzed with analysis of variance F test at 5% level. If there is a significantly difference result, than continued with LSD at 5% level. The results showed application of Mycorrhizal (A1) increased the yield by 44.27%, PGPR 1 time (A2) of 17.60%, PGPR 2 times (A3) of 34.70%, PGPR 3 times by 43.88% and combination application of Mycorrhizal and PGPR of 47,82%. Treatment A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 sufficiently improve crop yields, andiv the treatment A1, A3, A4, and A5 significant effect on the average yield than the control (A0), but the influence between treatments A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 were not significantly different.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/1003/051805567 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kedelai |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.3 Legumes, forage crops other than grasses and legumes > 633.34 Soybeans |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Mar 2019 02:36 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161557 |
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