Arifah, Ira Nur (2018) Perbaikan Kualitas Limbah Cair Karet Menggunakan Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) Dengan Metode Fitoremidiasi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pengolahan getah tanaman karet di Indonesia dengan menggunakan alat yang semakin canggih menghasilkan limbah cair karet yang mengandung bahan sisa yang sulit untuk diolah kembali. Kandungan limbah cair yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik PT Perusahaan Perkebunan Kalibendo Banyuwangi berupa protein, nitrogen, fosfat, timbal, besi dan mangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis baku mutu kualitas air limbah cair karet jumlah logam berat timbal (Pb) yang dijumpai pada limbah cair karet di PT Perusahaan Perkebunan Kalibendo Banyuwangi yaitu 0,87 mg.L-1. Sedangkan menurut PPRI No.28 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air batas maksimum kandungan Timbal (Pb) yaitu 0,03 mg.L-1. Pengolahan limbah cair industri dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengolahan secara biologi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi pencemaran lingkungan yaitu dengan cara fitoremidiasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan tanaman eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) untuk menyerap logam berat Timbal (Pb) dengan sistem fitoremidiasi dan untuk mengetahui perbaikan kualitas limbah cair pengolahan getah karet dengan sistem fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) terhadap sifat kimia pH, BOD, DO, dan kadar Timbal (Pb). Percobaan ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Januari 2018, dilaksanakan di Rumah plastik di Desa Siliragung, Kecamatan Siliragung, Banyuwangi. Adapun tahapan penelitian ini adalah persiapan bak plastik untuk fitoremidiasi limbah, aklimatisasi tanaman selama 7 hari, pengambilan sampel uji pada hari ke (7, 14, 21 dan 28) serta pengujian sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Jurusan Kimia Fakultas MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, dan Laboratorium Kualitas Air Perum Jasa Tirta I, Malang. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu: K0 (tanpa tanaman eceng gondok), K1 (Kerapatan 2 tanaman eceng gondok), K2 (Kerapatan 4 tanaman eceng gondok), K3 (Kerapatan 6 tanaman eceng gondok), dan K4 (Kerapatan 8 Tanaman eceng gondok). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diuji yaitu pH, BOD, DO, Timbal, Serapan Timbal (Pb) oleh tanama, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Data diuji mengunakan ANOVA taraf 5% dengan aplikasi software DSTAAT, jika ada perbedaan nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sistem fitoremidiasi dengan menggunakan tanaman eceng gondok mampu menurunkan kadar timbal (Pb) limbah karet cair secara nyata pada pengamatan hari ke-7, sedangkan BOD dan DO mengalami penurunan secara nyata pada hari ke-28. Sistem fitoremidiasi dengan eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) mampu meningkatkan kualitas limbah cair karet terutama pada pH 6,0-7,0. Perlakuan K4 dengan kerapatan 8 tanaman mampu menrunkan pH limbah cair karet sebesar 15,15%, BOD 31,2%, DO sebesar 31,48%, dan dapat menurunkan kadar Logam berat Timbal (Pb) sebesar 99,88%.
English Abstract
Processing rubber latex in Indonesia by using sophisticated tools produce rubber waste containing residual materials that are difficult to reprocess. The result liquid waste generated by PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan Kalibendo Banyuwangi is in the form of protein, nitrogen, phosphate, lead, iron, and manganese. Based on the result of standard quality analysis of rubber wastewater, the amount of lead metal (Pb) is 0,87 mg.L-1. Based on PPRI number 28 years 2001 about management quality and control of water pollution maximum limit of lead content is 0,03 mg.L-1 Processing the industrial liquid waste can be done by using the method of biological treatment to overcome environmental pollution that is called Phytoremediation. The research is to know the ability of water hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) to reduce lead metal with Phytoremediation system and to know the quality of rubber waste using Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) plant on chemical properties pH, BOD, DO, and Lead (Pb). This research was conducted in March up to Januari 2018. The stages of this research were preparing a plastic tub in siliragung village, siliragung district, Banyuwangi. For the waste pharmaceutical, acclimatizing the plants for 7 days, sampling tests were on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 and the tests were conducted in Chemistry Department Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Brawijaya, and Water Quality Laboratory of Perum Jasa Tirta 1, Malang . The treatment used is K0 (without plants), K1 (density of 2 plants),K2 (density of 4 plants), K3 (density of 6 plants), and K4 (density of 8 plants). The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatmens and 3 replication. The parameters tested were pH, BOD, DO, Lead (Pb), Lead (Pb) absorption by plants,Dry weight and Wet weight of plant. The data were tested using ANOVA level of 5% with DSTAAT software application, if there was a real difference, it would be continued with the LSD (Least Significance Different) at 5% level. Based on the result of this research, phytoremediation system by using water hyacinth was able to decrease rubber waste (Pb) level on the 7th day observation, while BOD and DO decreased on the 28th day. The phytoremediation system with a Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) was able to improve the quality of the wastewater of rubber especially at the pH of the waste between 6.0-7.0. K4 treatment with a density 8 plants reduced the pH of liquid waste rubber 15,15%, BOD 31,2%, DO as much 31,48%, and decreased the amount of heavy metal (Pb) as much 99,88%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/428/051808380 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fitoremidiasi, Tanaman Eceng Gondok, Eichornia Crassipes, Limbah Cair Karet, Pencemaran Lingkungan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 628 Sanitary engineering > 628.5 Pollution control and industrial sanitation |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2019 03:27 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 22:33 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161458 |
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