Leke, JeinRinny (2013) Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi Limbah Industri Pengolahan Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis L) dan Implikasinya dalam Pakan terhadap Penampilan Ayam Buras. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tepung ikan adalah bahan pakan unggas, pada umumnya terbuat dari ikan yang tidak dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikonsumsi manusia secara ekonomis. Limbah ikan terdiri dari kepala, isi perut, tulang, kulit, insang, sisa filleting . Kebutuhan konsumsi tepung ikan dunia untuk perikanan 3055 ton (57 %), ternak babi 1147 ton (21 %), unggas 739 ton (15 %), dan lain-lain 359 ton ( 6 %). (FAO. 2007). Kendala utama dalam peternakan ayam buras adalah tingginya biaya untuk pakan. Biaya untuk pakan dapat mencapai 70 % dari total produksi. Harga pakan di Indonesia termasuk mahal karena sebagian besar bahan masih impor, seperti tepung ikan. Ayam buras mempunyai kualitas telur yang baik, disamping daya tetas ditentukan zat makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh induk (Yuwanta. 1997). Telur yang mengandung omega-3 (PUFA) polyunsaturated fatty acids merupakan salah satu pangan fungsional, karena selain memiliki nilai gizi tinggi bahkan sempurna jika dilihat dari lengkapnya kandungan asam amino. Tingginya kandungan asam lemak essensial dan mudahnya nutrien yang terkandung dalam telur dapat diserap oleh tubuh. Lemak tepung ikan juga kaya akan asam lemak tak jenuh berantai panjang (PUFA) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Perusahaan Nichindo adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pengolahan ekspor ikan cakalang kayu, berlokasi di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Limbah industri pengolahan ikan cakalang dihasilkan dalam jumlah yang besar sehingga membahayakan lingkungan karena menyebabkan bau busuk akibat dari penguraian bahan protein pada suhu dan kelembaban yang tinggi dan berpotensi membahayakan kesehatan manusia (Margaret et al ., 2007). Limbah industri pengolahan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pakan ayam petelur, hal ini karena sumber asam lemak omega-3 dari produk laut seperti ikan cakalang. Limbah industri pengolahan ikan cakalang terdiri dari limbah ikan cakalang kepala dan isi perut (KIP) terdiri dari bagian ikan cakalang kepala dan bagian isi perut, Limbah ikan cakalang sisa filleting ( Fillet ) terdiri dari bagian tulang dan sebagian kecil daging yang ikut serta pada bagian tulang, Limbah ikan cakalang sisa sortiran ( Arachon ) terdiri dari daging yang ukuran kecil tidak diekspor. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu penelitian tahap pertama bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nilai nutrisi KIP, sisa Fillet dan Arachon , sedangkan penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi energi metabolis, nilai kecernaan protein, kecernaan kalsium, kecernaan fosfor serta mineralisasi tulang tibia (kalsium dan fosfor) KIP, Fillet dan Arachon , penelitian tahap ketiga bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi pakan yang sesuai untuk ayam buras petelur, sehingga dapat menghasilkan penampilan produksi ayam buras yang optimal berdasarkan formulasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2011 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2012. Penelitian tahap pertama dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Pakan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya, Laboratorium Ilmu Kimia, FMIPA-Universitas Brawijaya, Laboratorium Sentral Ilmu Hayati Malang, dan Laboratorium Kimia dan Pangan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Variabel penelitian tahap pertama meliputi (a) kandungan nutrien ,(b) asam amino , (c) Kandungan Asam Lemak, (d) KIP, sisa Fillet , Arachon . Penelitian
English Abstract
Fish meal as poultry feed ingredients, usually made from fish that economically are not consumed by human. Fish waste consists of fish heads, guts, filleting waste, skin, gills, fillet residual. The world consumption of fish meal consists of 3055 tonnes of fishery products (57 %), 1147 tons pigs (21 %), poultry 739 tonnes (15 %), and the others 359 tonnes (6 %) (FAO, 2007). The main obstacle in the native chicken farm is the high cost of feed, which can reach 70 % of the total cost of production. Feed price in Indonesia is expensive because most of the raw materials are imported, such as fish meal. The success of native chicken farming lies in the relationship between the hen eggs quality and chicks, in addition, hatching rate specified to the nutrients consumed by the parent (Yuwanta, 1997). Eggs that contain omega-3 (PUFA) polyunsaturated fatty acids is one of the functional food, because in addition to having high nutritional value with a complete amino acid content, are also high in essential fatty acids and the nutrients contained in eggs can be absorbed easily by the body. Fatty fish meal is also rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Nichindo company is a company engaged in the export of wood skipjack fish, located in South Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi Province. Fishery waste generated in large quantities can be bad impact for the environment because it causes a foul odor resulting from the decomposition of protein materials at a high temperature and humidity and potentially harmful to human health (Margaret et al., 2007). Processing industrial waste can be used as feed of laying hens, it is because the source of omega-3 fatty acids of marine products such as skipjack fish. skipjack fish processing industry waste consists of head and stomach contents consisted of a piece of heads and entrails, waste residual fillet ing ( Fillet ) consists of the bones and a small portion of meat who participated in the bone, rest assortment of skipjack fish waste (arachon) consists of small meat size is not exported. This study was divided into three stages, i.e. the first stage of the study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of the head and entrails (HE), ( Fillet ing waste) and (Arachon); the second stage was aimed to identify and evaluate metabolizable energy, protein digestibility value, digestibility of calcium, phosphorus digestibility and tibia bone mineralization (calcium and phosphorus) of HE, Fillet ing waste and Arachon; and the third stage was aimed to make the feed formulation suitable for free-range laying chickens, which can lead to the appearance of domestic poultry production is optimal based formulation. The research was conducted from June 2011 to February 2012. The first stage of research was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University; Laboratory of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture. Brawijaya University; Laboratory of Biological Central, Malang; and Laboratory of Chemical and Food, Bogor Institute of Agriculture. The first stage study variables included (a) the nutrient content, (b) amino acids, (c) content of fatty Acids, (d) HE, Fillet ing waste, and Arachon. The second stage of research was carried out at the Laboratory of digestibility trials, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, UB, Sumber Sekar, Malang regency. This study was conducted using a completely r
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/639.227 83/LEK/e/061310774 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.2 Commercial fishing, whaling, sealing |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 23 May 2014 09:52 |
| Last Modified: | 23 May 2014 09:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161090 |
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