Tuturoong, RonnyAV (2014) Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi Rumput Benggala Teramoniasi dan Ampas Sagu Terfermentasi dalam Pakan Komplit terhadap Penampilan Kambing Kacang. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk m engevaluasi nilai nutrisi rumput Benggala teramoniasi (RBA) dengan urea dan ampas sagu terfermentasi (ASF) dengan Pleurotus ostreatus dalam pakan komplit sebagai pakan ruminansia terhadap penampilan kambing Kacang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahap. Penelitian t ahap I terdiri dari 2 percobaan. Penelitian Tahap I.1. bertujuan mendapatkan level penggunaan urea dan waktu inkubasi optimal yang menghasilkan nilai nutrisi terbaik pada rumput Benggala. Desain yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola Faktorial 4x4. Faktor 1 level urea (0, 2, 4, 6 %) dan faktor 2 waktu inkubasi (0, 7, 14, 21 hari), masing masing diulang 4 kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah kandungan nutrien: bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), komponen serat: neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin dan kecernaan in vitro : kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO). Penelitian Tahap I.2. bertujuan mendapatkan lama inkubasi yang optimal dalam proses fermentasi dengan Pleurotus ostreatus pada ampas sagu yang menghasilkan nilai nutrisi tertinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL (4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan). Variabel yang diamati adalah kandungan nutrien: BK, BO, PK, komponen serat: NDF, ADF, hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin dan kecernaan in vitro : KcBK dan KcBO . Penelitian Tahap 2 terdiri dari 2 percobaan. Penelitian Tahap II.1. bertujuan mendapatkan pakan komplit yang menggunakan kombinasi rumput Benggala teramoniasi (RBA) dan ampas sagu terfermentasi (ASF) yang menghasilkan KcBK, KcBO yang tinggi dan produk fermentasi yang optimal (pH, produksi gas, NH 3 , VFA dan ESPM) secara in vitro . Nilai nutrisi RBA terbaik pada penelitian I.1 dan nilai nutrisi ASF terbaik pada penelitian I.2. diformulasikan dengan proporsi berbeda dalam pakan komplit dengan komposisi: RBA+ASF sebesar 50%, daun gamal (G) 10% dan kosentrat (K) yang berbahan baku lokal: jagung, bekatul, bungkil kelapa dan tepung ikan 40% dengan isoprotein 12%. Desain yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan pakan komplit dan 4 ulangan. Pakan perlakuan terdiri atas: P 0 = RBA50% + ASF 0% + G 10% + K40% , P 12,5 = RBA 37,5% + ASF 12,5% + G10% + K40% , P 25 = RBA 25% + ASF25% + G10% + K40% , P 37,5 = RBA 12,5% + ASF 37,5% + G 10%+ K 40% , P 50 = RBA 0% + ASF 50%+ G 10%+ K 40%. Variabel yang diamati adalah pH, total produksi gas, konsentrasi NH 3 , konsentrasi volatile fatty acid (VFA), efisiensi sintesa protein mikroba (ESPM), KcBK dan KcBO. Penelitian T ahap II.2. bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pakan komplit yang menggunakan kombinasi rumput Benggala teramoniasi (RBA) dan ampas sagu terfermentasi yang menghasilkan penampilan kambing Kacang yang optimal (konsumsi, kecernaan, konsumsi tercerna, Retensi N, PBBH dan konversi pakan). Desain yang digunakan adalahRAK dengan 4 kelompok kambing Kacang berdasarkan bobot badan (11,6 – 15,0 kg) dan 5 perlakuan pakan komplit seperti pada perlakuan Tahap II.1. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi BK (KBK), konsumsi BO (KBO) dan konsumsi PK (KPK), KcBK, KcBO KcPK, konsumsi BK tercerna (KBKT), konsumsi BO tercerna (KBOT), konsumsi PK tercerna (KPKT), retensi N, pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH), dan konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian Tahap I.1 menunjukkan bahwa RBA yang terbaik adalah kombinasi perlakuan amoniasi dengan level urea 6% dan waktu inkubasi 21 hari. Hal ini karena terjadi peningkatkan secara nyata (P<0,05) kandungan BK dari 36,34% menjadi 38,96%, PK dari 4,92% menjadi 9,12%, penurunan kandungan lignin secara nyata (P<0,05) dari 13,52% menjadi 10,59%; selulosa meningkat dari 51,70% menjadi 53,90% dan hemiselulosa meningkat dari 21,63% menjadi 22,12%. Hasil analisis secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa KcBK meningkat secara nyata (P<0,05) dari 41,4% menjadi 50,49% dan KcBO dari 39,79% menjadi 49,92%. Peningkatan nilai nutrisi tersebut disebabkan oleh kenaikan PK dan penurunan kandungan lignin.
English Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate nutrient value of ammoniated `Benggala` grass (ABG) with urea and fermented sago pulp (FSP) with Pleurotus ostreatus in ruminant complete ration on the performance of ` Kacang ` goat. Research was applied in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of two trials. Trial 1 of phase 1 was done to obtain the best nutrient value of ABG with the optimal combination between urea level and incubation time. Factorial design with 4x4 based on the Completely Randomized Design was applied in this study. Factor 1 was urea levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6 percents and factor 2 was incubation times of 0, 7, 14, and 21 days with four replications in each treatment. Variables observed in this trial were nutrient contents of dried matter (DM), and crude protein (CP); fiber components of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin; and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DDM) and organic matter (DOM). Trial 2 of phase 1 was done to obtain the best nutrient value of fermented sago pulp using Pleurotus ostreatus with different incubation times of 0, 20, 25, and 30 days. This trial used Completely Randomized Design (four treatments and three replication of each treatment). Variables observed were nutrient values of DM, OM, and CP; fiber components of NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin; and in vitro digestibility of DM and OM. Phase 2 consisted also of two trials. Trial 1 of phase 2, was done to obtain the best ration using RBA and ASF in the in vitro complete ration. The best nutrition value of RBA and ASF from trial 1 and 2 of phase I were formulated into complete ration with the compositions of ABG+FSP (50%), `gamal` leaf (10%), and concentrate based local ingredients of corn, rice bran, coconut meal and fish meal (40%) with iso-protein of 12%. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was applied using five treatments of complete ration and four replications for each treatment. The treatment ration were P0 = 50% ABG + 0% FSP + 10% G + 40% K; P12.5 = 37.5% ABG + 12.5% FSP + 10%G + 40%K; P25 = 25% ABG + 25% FSP + 10% G + 40% K; P37,5 = 12.5% ABG + 37.5% FSP + 10% G + 40%K, P50 = 0% ABG + 50% FSP + 10% G + 40%K. Variables observed were pH, total gas production, NH3 concentration, VFA concentration, efficiency of micro-organism protein synthesis (EMPS), and digestibility of dried matter and organic matter. Trial 2 of phase 2 was done to evaluate utilization effect of ABG and FSP in complete ration on the performance of `Kacang` goat. Block randomized design was used on four groups of `Kacang` goat based on body weight (11.6 – 15.0 kg) and five treatments of complete rations as indicated on the trial 1 of phase 2. Variables observed were total consumption of DM, OM and CP; digestibility of DM, OM and CP; consumption of DDM, DOM and DCP, nitrogen retention, average daily gain (ADG); and feed conversion. Results of trial 1 in phase 1 showed that the best ABG used in complete ration was combination of the urea level of 6 percent with incubation time of 21 hours. This figure increased significantly (P<0.05) for DM (36.34% to 38.96%), OM (25.73% to 28.78%), and CP (4.92% to 9.12%), but decreased significantly (P<0.05) for lignin content (13.52% to 10.59%). Cellulose and hemicelluloses increased significantly (P<0.05) from 51.70% to 53.90% and from 21.63% to 22.12%, respectively. Analysis of in vitro showed that the digestible of DM and OM content increased significantly (P<0.05) from 41.4% to 50.49% and 39.79% to 49.92%, respectively. Improvement of this nutrition values was caused by the increasing of CP and declining of lignin content. Results of trial 2 in phase 1 showed that the best FSP were obtained the fermented treatment using fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus) with incubation time of 30 days. This trial caused increase significantly (P<0.05) the crude protein content from 2.89% (without fermentation) to 5.27% with fermentation of 30 days. In contrast, this trial caused decrease significantly (P<0.05) the contents of NDF (56.06% to 53.56%), ADF (32.59 to 31.54%), cellulose (28.11% to 26.52%), hemi-cellulose (23.47% to 22.02%), lignin (9.86% to 5.49%). Digestibility of DM and OM increased significantly (P<0.05) from 54.01% to 57.83% and from 53.50% to 59.02% respectively. Results of the trial 1 in phase 2 showed that treatments of the complete ration with ABG and FSP proportions affected significantly (P<0.05) the in vitro digestibility of DM and OM. The best animal digestibility of DM and OM were obtained for the P0 complete ration of 76.63 % and 74.10%, respectively. However, these treatments did not significantly affect the pH. The pH value in range of 6.51 to 6.69 is ideal pH range for rumen microbial activity. Treatments of the complete ration using proportion of ABG and FSP did not significantly affect the total gas production under incubation of 96 hours. Total gas production tended to increase following the increase of FSP proportion in complete ration up to complete ration of P25 (80.91 ml/500 mg DM). DM decreased following the increase of FSP proportion up to P50 in the complete ration, but it was higher than complete ration without FSP (P0) of 79.62 ml/500 mg DM). The increase of FSP compared in the complete ration caused significantly (P<0.05) increasing NH3 concentration. The highest increase of NH3 concentration occurred on the P25 treatment of 184.50 mg/l, then it decreased as FSP content was increasing in the complete ration, but it was still higher than complete ration without FSP (P0) of 176.27 mg/l. Each treatment of complete ration did not significantly affect the total concentration of VFA and EMPS. The use of P25 complete ration produced the highest concentration of total VFA (73.25 mM) and the lowest VFA total product in the complete ration (P0) of 72.65 mM. Similarly to the efficiency of micro-organism protein synthesis, the highest EMPS occurred on the complete ration P25 of 22,05 gN/kg digested OM and the lowest on the complete ration P0 of 20,87 gN/kg digested OM. The P25 complete ration showed the best result based on the digested value and fermentation product of ruminants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/636.391 5/TUT/e/061406872 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry > 636.3 Sheep and goats |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Nov 2014 14:43 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Nov 2014 14:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161081 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |