Makmur, Safran (2014) Karakteristik Habitat, Biologi, Penangkapan dan Dinamika Populasi sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Ikan Hampal (Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) di Danau Ranau Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ikan hampal ( Hampala macrolepidota ) jenis ikan asli dan ikan konsumsi bernilai ekonomis yang hidup di perairan Danau Ranau sehingga eksploitasi penangkapannya semakin meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis karakteristik habitat, biologi ikan, penangkapan dan dinamika populasi dan pengelolaan ikan hampal ikan hampal ( Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1832) di Danau Ranau Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung. Penelitian di lakukan pada tahun 2013 pengambilan sampel dimulai pada bulan Maret hingga November 2013. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di 6 stasiun. Experimental fishing menggunakan jaring insang mata jaring 1½, 1¾ dan 2½ inchi di dua stasiun Banding Agung dan Talang Teluk. Hasil penelitian; karakteristik habitat perairan Danau Ranau masih baik untuk kehidupan organisme termasuk ikan. Berdasarkan status tropik Danau Ranau tergolong tingkat kesuburan sedang (mesotropik). Pendugaan potensi produksi ikan berdasarkan Morpho Edaphic Index (MEI) sebesar 28,34kg/ha/tahun. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan mtDNA ikan hampal di Danau Ranau adalah jenis Hampala macrolepidota (Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) . Ikan hampal adalah ikan karnivora, makanan utama ikan (IP= 58,85%). Ikan hampal dalam jejaring makanan dan piramida makanan merupakan kelompok konsumen tersier atau predator. Keseimbangan populasi ikan di Danau Ranau seimbang antara predator dan non predator. Rasio sex jantan dan betina1:1, memijah sepanjang tahun dengan ukuran jantan dan betina pertama matang gonad 15,38 cm dan 19,21 cm, fekunditas antara 17406 – 63793 butir dan diameter telur 0,8-1,9 mm. Kondisi struktur komunitas ikan di Danau Ranau W = 0,076 tidak mengalami gangguan. Produksi hampal di Danau Ranau 57,40 ton/tahun. Selektivitas jaring insang mata jaring 1½ inchi 16,15 cm, mata jaring 1¾ inchi 18,84 cm. Ukuran pertama tertangkap (L c /L 50% ) 1½ inchi 15,2 cm dan 1¾ inchi 18,3 cm. Pola pertumbuhan ikan hampal bersifat allometrik dengan ukuran panjang maksimum (L ∞ ) = 54,08 cm dan nilai koefisien pertumbuhan K = 0,54 per tahun. Total mortalitas, Z = 2,22 per tahun. Mortalitas alami M = 1,00259 per tahun. Mortalitas akibat penangkapan F = 1,217 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi E= 0,548. Rekrutmen ikan hampal terjadi setiap bulan. Pengelolaan ikan hampal di Danau Ranau dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengelolaan habitat melalui pembuatan suaka perikanan. Pengelolaan populasi, dengan restocking. Pengelolaan penangkapan dengan pengaturan ukuran ikan hampal yang baik untuk ditangkap yaitu ukuran diatas 22 cm, penggunaan ukuran mata jaring yang baik mulai dari ukuran 2½ inchi. Produksi ikan hampal sudah mencapai titik optimum. Daerah penangkapan di daerah Way Wangi dan Way Messin harus dibatasi karena keduanya merupakan daerah produksi ikan hampal dan rekomendasi untuk suaka perikanan.
English Abstract
Hampala ( Hampala macrolepidota ) is a native fish and economic consumption fish inhabiting Ranau Lake waters where their exploitation is increasing. The objective of this study was to analyses of habitat characteristics, identify three groups of hampala, fish biology, fishing and population dynamics and manage the hampala population. The study was carried out in 2013 in which sampling started from March to November 2013. Water sampling was done in six stations. Experimental fishing used gill nets of 1½, 1¾ and 2½ inch-mesh size in two stations, Banding Agung and Talang Teluk. Results showed that the habitat characteristics of Ranau Lake were still good for aquatic organisms, including fish. Based upon the trophic status, Ranau Lake belonged to moderate fertility level (mesotrophic). Fish production potency estimation using Morpho Edaphic Index (MEI) was 28.34kg/ha/yr. Based on the morphological character and mtDNA, hampala in Ranau Lake belonged to Hampala macrolepidota (Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) . Hampala is carnivore with fish as major food (IP= 58.85%). In food web and pyramid, hampala is a tertiary consumer fish or predator. The equilibrium between predatory and non-predatory fish in Ranau Lake was good. Male and female ratio was1:1, and they spawned along the year with size at first maturity was 15.38 cm for male and 19.21 cm females, fecundity between 17406 – 63793 eggs and egg diameter of 0.8-1.9 mm. The fish community structure condition (W) in Ranau Lake was 0.076 and stable. Hampala production in Ranau lake is 57.40 tons/yr. Gill net selectivity was 16.15 cm for 1½ inch-mesh size and 18.84 cm for 1¾ inch-mesh size, respectively. Size at first maturity (L c /L 50% ) was recorded 15.2 cm for 1½ inch-mesh size and 18.3 cm for 1¾ inch-mesh size. Hampala growth pattern was allometric with maximum length (L ∞ ) of 54.08 cm and morphometric coeficient (K) of 0.54 per year. Total mortality (Z) was 2.22 per year, with natural mortality (M) of 1.00259 per year and fishing mortality (F) of 1.217 per year. The exploitation rate (E) was 0.548. Hampala recruitment occurs every month. Hampala management in Ranau Lake could be conducted through habitat management in the form of fisheries protection establishment, while population management could be done through restocking . Fishing management could be carried out through minimum individual size regulation, above 22 cm long, and mesh size limitation, 2½ inches or bigger. Hampala production has reached the optimum point. In addition, the fishing ground in Way Wangi and Way Messin should be restricted since both are hampala producing areas and recommended for fisheries protection areas.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/597.482/MAK/k/061407366 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates > 597.4 Miscellaneous superorders of Actinopterygii |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Nov 2014 16:22 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Nov 2014 16:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/161032 |
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