Budi, AnangSetio (2013) Kedudukan Saudara Pewaris dalam Mewaris Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bagi umat Islam Indonesia, aturan Allah tentang kewarisan telah menjadi hukum positif yang dipergunakan dalam Pengadilan Agama dalam memutuskan kasus pembagian maupun persengketaan berkenaan dengan harta waris tersebut. Dengan demikian maka umat Islam yang menyelesaikan perkaranya melalui Pengadilan Agama berarti telah melaksanakan hukum Allah itu dalam penyelesaian harta warisan, di samping telah melaksanakan ibadat dengan melaksanakan aturan Allah tersebut, dalam waktu yang sama telah patuh kepada aturan yang ditetapkan Negara. Hal ini berbeda dengan hukum Arab sebelum Islam datang, untuk kedudukan saudara pewaris apabila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak laki-laki yang sudah besar, maka harta peninggalannya jatuh kepada saudara laki-lakinya yang sanggup berperang. Kedudukan saudara pewaris dalam mewaris, didalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam diatur dalam Pasal 181 yakni mengatur bagian saudara seibu baik laki-laki maupun perempuan dan Pasal 182 mengatur bagian saudara sekandung mewaris bersama dengan saudara sebapak. Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang berbentuk Instruksi Presiden (Inspres) yang eksitensi dan substansinya masih banyak penafsiran, seharusnya permasalahan harus termuat didalamnya secara lengkap, sehingga tidak terjadi disparitas putusan oleh hakim Pengadilan Agama. Secara material memang dibolehkannya para hakim Pengadilan Agama dalam menggunakan tiga belas kitab-kitab mazhab Syafi`i yaitu : Al-Bajuri,Fat-hul Mu`in, Syarqawi ala` al-tahrir, al- Mahalli, Fath al-Wahab, Tuh-fah, Targhib al-Musytaq, Qowawin al-Syar`iyyah Utsman ibn Yahya, Qawawin al-Syar`iyyah Shadaqah Dhi`an, Syamsuri fi al-Faraidh, Bughat al-Murtasyidi, al-Fiqh ala al-Madzabin al-Arba`ah, dan Mughni al-Muhtaj. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian hukum normatif, ada 5 pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, adalah meliputi ; pendekatan filsafat (Philosophical approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) , pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) ,pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Metode Pendekatan sebagai sebuah penelitian hukum yang bersifat normatif-preskreptif berkenaan dengan kedudukan saudara pewaris dalam mewaris menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam, maka agar dapat memberikan pemahaman mengenai persoalan hukum ( legal issue ) secara lebih holistik akan dipergunakan beberapa pendekatan yakni: Pertama pendekatan filsafat (philosophical approach) , yaitu mengupas masalah pembagian waris menurut Kewarisan Islam dan pembagian waris menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang meliputi hakikat, nilai, pengetahuan dan tujuan dari Hukum Kewarisan Islam dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Kedua pendekatan konseptual ( conceptual approach ), yaitu mengkaji prinsip-prinsip hukum yang terkait dengan Kewarisan Islam dan Kewarisan menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang meliputi pripsip Ijbari, prinsip individual,prinsip bilateral dan prinsip Kewarisan hanya karena kematian,prinsip keadilan berimbang. Ketiga pendekatan Perundang-undangan (statute approach) , yaitu menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku menurut Kewarisan Islam dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, untuk mendapatkan kejelasan dan kesesuaian antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang satu dengan lainnya yang mengatur tentang pembagian waris menurut Kewarisan Islam dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.
English Abstract
For Indonesian Muslim community, Allah rules related with inheritance has been used as positive law in Religion Court to deciding splitting case and dispute related with inheritance. Therefore, Islamic people who solved the problem through religion court has fulfill Allah law in handling inheritance, apart from fulfill observance in conducting Allah rule, and in the same time they also fulfill their obligation to the State. This condition is different with the Arabic Law before Islam came, in which law show that decedent heir position goes to the one`s brother who goes to war. The position of decedent`s brother in Compilation of Islamic law regulates in article 181 and article 182, which are arranged the proportion of the maternal brother and sibling brother together inherit with paternal sibling. Compilation of Islamic law which formed in President Instruction still need many interpretation in its existence and substance, in which regulation should have given complete and sufficient regulation, and it will avoid the existence of verdict disparity by religion court judge. Materially, it is allowed for religion court judges to use 13 Syafi`i scholar books, that are : Al-Bajuri,Fat-hul Mu`in, Syarqawi ala` al-tahrir, al- Mahalli, Fath al-Wahab, Tuh-fah, Targhib al-Musytaq, Qowawin al-Syar`iyyah Utsman ibn Yahya, Qawawin al-Syar`iyyah Shadaqah Dhi`an, Syamsuri fi al-Faraidh, Bughat al-Murtasyidi, al-Fiqh ala al-Madzabin al-Arba`ah, dan Mughni al-Muhtaj. The type of this research is normative research, there are five approach to use, which are : philosophical approach, conceptual approach, statute approach, case approach and historical approach. Approach method as a legal research that has normative-prescriptive nature, related with decedent position in inherit based on Compilation of Islamic Law, with the objective to provide good understanding on legal issue in a holistic way, and based on this analysis comes to approaches as follows : First, philosophical approach, that use to analyze inheritance issue based on Islamic inheritance and inheritance based on Compilation of Islamic Law, that consist of nature, value, knowledge and purpose of Islamic inheritance law and Compilation of Islamic Law. Second, conceptual approach, that use to analyze legal principles that related with Islamic inheritance and inheritance based on Compilation of Islamic Law, that consist of Ijbari principles, individual principles, bilateral principles and inheritance principles due to death. Third, statute approach that use to analyze current law regulation that applies based on Islamic inheritance and Compilation of Islamic Law, to obtain information and coherence between one law regulation to another that regulates on inheritances based on Islamic inheritance and Compilation of Islamic Law. Fourth, case approach, that use to bring up ratio decidendi, where legal reason use by judges to decide their decision, which is by analyze religion court decision that give it decision in inheritance issue related with decedent sibling position who become inherent together with other inherent, consist of sibling brother, paternal brother and maternal brother or any other inherent. Fifth, historical approach, that use to obtain historical tracking framework of legal institution from times to times, by analyze the historical background in the establishment of Compilation of Islamic Law until it becomes material law that consider as a positive law in religion court, specially related with the issue of Islamic inheritance law. However, there are problems faced by religion court is the issue of material law and its appliance, which is positive law that must applied by religion court to solve cases of decedent that submit to them. Though there is hope that law unification shall not vanished and shall struggle in its establishment, yet it is a problem to solve pluralism of inheritance law in this country. One of the results from this condition is the range of complicated inheritance case that comes from the personal relation from people that comes from different background of legal culture. Islamic inheritance legal system, that consist of teaching pluralism, such as inheritance teaching of ahlul sunnah waljamaah, sy`iah teaching, Hazairin teaching, while the most dominant teaching follows in Indonesia is ahlul sunnah waljamaah teaching (Syafii, Hanafi, Hambali and Maliki scholars), however the
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/340.59/BUD/k/061404704 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 340 Law > 340.5 Legal systems |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2014 11:39 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2014 11:39 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160827 |
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