Politik Pluralisme Hukum dalam Pengakuan Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dengan Peraturan Daerah

Atmaja, Gede Marhaendra Wija (2012) Politik Pluralisme Hukum dalam Pengakuan Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dengan Peraturan Daerah. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Disertasi ini berjudul `Politik Pluralisme Hukum dalam Pengakuan Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dengan Peraturan Daerah`, yang membahas 3 (tiga) masalah yakni: (1) prinsip-prinsip politik pluralisme hukum apakah sebagai arahan pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat?; (2) apakah yang menjadi landasan pemikiran perlunya pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat dengan peraturan daerah?; dan (3) apakah pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat dengan peraturan daerah berkoherensi dengan prinsip-prinsip politik pluralisme hukum? Penelitian terhadap ketiga masalah itu menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pembahasan terhadap ketiga masalah tersebut berdasarkan pada teori negara hukum, teori desentralisasi, teori perundang-undangan, dan teori politik pluralisme hukum. Adapun hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama , prinsip-prinsip politik pluralisme hukum berkenaan dengan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat adalah: (1) pengakuan terhadap kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yang meliputi pengakuan sebagai subjek hukum, tata pemerintahan adat, keberlakuan hukum adat, dan hak-hak atas benda adat, termasuk hak ulayat; (2) pengakuan, penghormatan, perlindungan, dan pemenuhan hak-hak kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai hak asasi manusia, baik sebagai hak kolektivitas maupun sebagai hak perorangan warga kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat; (3) responsivitas hukum negara terhadap kemajemukan hukum adat dan nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat; dan (4) partisipasi hukum bagi kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat. Kedua , atas dasar politik pluralisme hukum, negara hukum, dan fungsi peraturan daerah, maka pemerintahan daerah mempunyai kewenangan membentuk peraturan daerah tentang pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yang dapat lebih mengakomodasi kemajemukan, kejelasan rumusan sesuai dengan kekhasan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat, dan menjamin kemanfaatan bagi kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat mengenyam hak-haknya. Ketiga , ada dua karakter peraturan daerah tentang pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yakni berkarakter pengaturan dan berkarakter penetapan, dan ada dua pola pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yakni pola integrasi dan pola ko-eksistensi. Selain itu, peraturan daerah tentang pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat dapat tampil dalam pola pengakuan asli atau pola pengakuan semu. Peraturan daerah tentang pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat belum berkoherensi secara sempurna dengan prinsip-prinsip politik pluralism hukum, oleh karena perlindungan sebatas terhadap kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai kolektivitas, tidak meliputi perlindungan terhadap perorangan warga kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat ketika bersengketa dengan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai kolektivitas. Rekomendasi yang diajukan adalah (1) agar ada undang-undang tentang kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yang mengelaborasi prinsip-prinsip politik pluralisme hukum sebagai arahan pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat; (2) agar daerah membentuk peraturan daerah yang menetapkan pengakuan atau pengukuhan suatu kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat tertentu, selain membentuk peraturan daerah yang mengatur tata cara pengakuan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sesuai dengan kekhasan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat di daerah bersangkutan; dan (3) agar ada pengaturan dalam peraturan daerah tentang perlindungan secara holistik, yakni tidak saja terhadap kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai suatu kolektivitas, juga terhadap perorangan warga kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat, dan perlunya pengaturan tentang mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa antara perorangan warga kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat dengan kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai suatu kolektivitas.

English Abstract

This dissertation is titled `Legal Pluralism Policy with regard to the Recognition of Adat Legal Community under the Regional Regulation`. This dissertation is focused on three main issues, such as: (1) what the principles of policy of legal pluralism may lead recognition over the adat legal community?; (2) what would be the reasoning basis of the necessity of recognition over the adat legal community under the regional regulation?; and (3) whether recognation over adat legal community under the regional regulation is in confirmity (coherence) with the principles of policy of legal pluralism? The research over those three issues is conducted under the normative legal research. Analyses over the issues is based on the several theories of law, namely: theory of state based on law, theory of decentralization, theory of legislation, and theory of policy on pluralism of law. This research affords the following results: firstly , the principles of policy of legal pluralism with regard to the adat legal community, cover: (1) recognition over the adat legal community includes recognition over its status as a subject of law, its governmental system, the existence of its genuine law, and its rights over the adat properties, including the genuine rights over its land, the land of ulayat; (2) recognition, respect, protection, and satisfaction over the rights of the community as a rights under the system of human rights, both as rights of the collectivity and rights of individuals member of the community; (3) the active respons of the law of the State against the plurality of adat laws including the living values which exists in the community; and (4) the rights of participation of the community. Secondly , under the policy of pluralism of law, State based on law, and the function of the regional regulation, the regional government possesses authorithy to set regional regulation concerning on recognition over the community which may accommodate more the plurality, the more clear draft in confirmity with the particularity of the community, and ensuring the usefullness of the community in enjoying their rights. Thirdly , there are two characters of the regional regulation with regard to the recognition of adat legal community, include the character of governing and the character of adopting, and there are two modes of recognition over the adat legal community: integration and co-existence. In addition, the regional regulation regarding recognition over the community may perform itself in the mode of genuine recognition and pusedo or quasi recognition. The regional regulation concerning recognition over the adat legal community has not completely coherence with the principles of policy of pluralism of law because the protection over the adat legal community is limited to the protection over the community as collectivity and it has not included the protection over individuals the member of the community especially when they involve in any dispute with the community as collectivity. Finally, this disertation proposes the following recommendations: (1) the State shall adopt an Act concering adat legal community which shall elaborate principles of policy of pluralism of law as a prime guidelines of the State in performing recognition over the adat legal community; (2) the regional government shall adopt a regional regulation which provides recognition or empowerment over the position of the adat legal community, instead of adopting regional regulation which governs the rules on recognition over the community with respect to its genuine and local particularity; and (3) the regional regulation shall include rules on holistic protection over the community which shall not limited to the community as collectivity, but also individuals the member of the community, despite the rules on settlement of dispute between individuals against the community as collectivity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Identification Number:	DES/340.56/ATM/p/061201713
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 340 Law > 340.5 Legal systems
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum
Depositing User:	Endro Setyobudi
Date Deposited:	01 Oct 2012 10:16
Last Modified:	11 Apr 2022 06:46
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160821

Text Gede Marhaendra Wija Atmaja.pdf Download (4MB)

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