Hardijono, Rachmat (2013) Kemandirian Ekonomi Desa melalui Kelembagaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Dalam proses pembangunan perdesaan di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia akhir-akhir ini menyangkut pada pengurangan kemiskinan. Fokus persoalan kemiskinan antara lain mengkaitkannya dengan isu desentralisasi dan tata kelola air bersih dalam kelembagaan ekonomi perdesaan. Pada tataran kemandirian ekonomi desa, maka lembaga ekonomi desa merupakan alternatif pilihan yang rasional dan unik, termasuk fenomena Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) pengelola air minum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kelembagaan BUMDes dalam persoalan utama yaitu: (1) tata kelola BUMDes sebagai pelaku atau organisasi ekonomi; (2) bentuk interaksi BUMDes dengan masyarakat dan lembaga ekonomi lainnya yang ada di desa; (3) desain aturan main termasuk mekanisme penegakannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode fenomenologi pandangan Weber, dengan lokus wilayah sub-urban di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, pada Desa Ketindan, dan Wonorejo, Lawang, Desa Gondowangi, Wagir karena telah membentuk BUMDes pengelola air bersih. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pilihan orientasi lembaga BUMDes ternyata lebih mengedepankan upaya maksimalisasi kegunaan air untuk kesejahteraan warga desa, dari pada maksimalisasi keuntungan untuk peningkatan pendapatan asli desa. Meskipun dalam desain struktur organisasinya terpisah dengan lembaga Pemerintah Desanya, namun masih dipengaruhi dan dikendalikan Pemerintahan Desa. Dari sisi fungsi, ternyata BUMDes terikat dengan kelembagaan masyarakat desa dengan mengedepankan kekuatan modal sosial terutama dimensi kepercayaan, dan kesabaran antar warga; (2) Interaksi lembaga BUMDes dengan lembaga ekonomi lain didasarkan pada pertentangan secara rasional antar individu atau kelompok untuk berusaha memacu keuntungan ekonomi, kemudian berakibat pada munculnya hambatan sosial. Implikasi terhadap pihak lain yang berinteraksi dengan BUMDes, akhirnya berhadapan dengan tingkat kekuatan kelembagaan desa; (3) Aturan main BUMDes memang didesain sebagai entitas privat dari pada entitas publik level desa. Meskipun kepemilikan mayoritasnya adalah pemerintah desa, namun pengelolanya adalah masyarakat desa sendiri. Implementasi pengelolaan BUMDes didasarkan pada perspektif, preferensi, dan komoditas yang dihasilkan sesuai potensi desanya.
English Abstract
An interesting and significant goal in the development of villages in developing countries such as Indonesia involves attempts to diminish poverty trap. Some points of discussion regarding poverty are related to decentralization issues and the management of local economic institution that lead to the continuity of a better life. In terms of local firm economy, village-based economic institution is a rational and unique alternative for rural areas considering the fact that they are generally viewed as small, weak, and less-developed areas. Contrary to those facts, there are some local phenomena seen from an emic perspective that attempt to strengthen its economic institution through Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes - the Business Institution of Village Owned). This study aims to reveal some phenomena on BUMDes institution in relation to some major problems as follow: (1) how to lengthen the BUMDes management as the activator or economic organization; (2) what are the forms of BUMDes` interaction (cooperative or competitive) towards society and other local institutions; (3) what are the formal rules and how the establishment of other mechanism towards BUMDes institution as sub system of local economy is. This study used a qualitative approach through the method of Weber`s view of phenomenology. The locus of this study are sub-urban local area in Malang regency, East Java province, at Ketindan and Wonorejo villages, Lawang subdistrict, and Gondowangi village, Wagir subdistrict. Those three villages were chosen as there have already been BUMDes institutions that deal with sanitized water for fulfilling the local community`s need. The main results of this study from a theoretical and empirical (emic) perspective show that: (1) The orientation of the BUMDes institutions tend to prioritize the maximal attempt on water utili zation in order to fulfill the people`s prosperity than to escalate local revenue. Though in terms of structure the design of organization is still strongly attached on or separated from the villages` administration, it still has a great influence and control power. In terms of function, the BUMDes are still attached to local community institution which gives priority on the strong social capital of the people, particularly the dimension of trust and perseverance within the community; (2) The interaction of the BUMDes institutions and other economic institutions are firstly started on the rational controversy among individuals or community who attempts to gain profit and press the cost (in terms of economics). This condition triggers social and institutional barriers (non economics). In this respect, the implication on other cooperative or competitive parties with BUMDes finally face the institutional strength in that local area; (3) The rule of construction of the BUMDes institutions tend to be designed as private entity (business) than public entity at the rural area level. Though the majority ownership belon gs to the villages` administration, the managers are the local community itself. The implementation of their management is based on preference, perspective and commodity produced in accordance with the potential of each village.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/338.9/HAR/k/061405774 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.9 Economic development and growth |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Oct 2014 09:35 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Nov 2020 15:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160809 |
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