Sangadji, Maryam (2012) Dinamika Budaya Sasi dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam. Tinjauan Sudut Pandang Modal Sosial (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Provinsi Maluku). Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Budaya sasi merupakan kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan SDA yang dikelola oleh komunitas, sehingga berimplikasi ekonomi. Dalam perjalanannya budaya sasi mengalami dinamika eksis dan degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengidentifikasi, unsur-unsur modal sosial terinternalisasi sehingga membentuk keberlanjutan dan degradasi budaya sasi ; 2) Mengungkap dan memahami secara holistik kinerja ekonomi melalui keberlanjutan dan degradasi budaya sasi ; dan 3) Merumuskan model pengelolaan SDA yang berkelanjutan melalui pengembangan modal sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Penelitian di lakukan di Negeri Iha-Kulur dan Negeri Luhu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Provinsi Maluku, dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Budaya sasi yang eksis karena norma sasi mampu terinternalisasi secara baik melalui tindakan yang patuh terhadap norma, sehingga menciptakan kepercayaan secara timbal balik. Kepatuhan terhadap aturan sasi, mampu menjamin harapan kinerja ekonomi melalui: (1) distribusi pendapatan kepada pemerintah negeri dan bermanfaat bagi pelaksanaan pembangunan negeri. Serta pendapatan para aktor yang dapat menciptakan kesejahteraan melalui pemenuhan berbagai kebutuhan basic needs dan penciptaan kesempatan sosial melalui pemberdayaan keluarga; (2) tingkat produktivitas, karena kepatuhan terhadap aturan proses produksi; dan (3) keberlanjutan sasi kontrak dan sasi negeri, karena manfaat ekonomi yang dirasakan, sehingga memunculkan strategi di tingkat keluarga maupun di tingkat komunitas, untuk mempertahankan hak kelola. Penguatan di arahkan kepada membangun modal sosial jaringan dengan mengoptimalkan peran pemerintah, LSM, untuk memberdayakan potensi ekonomi SDA, capacity building dan perlindungan hukum. Budaya sasi mengalami degradasi disebabkan oleh norma-norma sasi terinternalisasi secara negatif, melalui tindakan bias norma, yang disebabkan oleh sikap saling mencurigai akibat ketidakharmonisan komunitas dengan raja. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap aturan sasi berdampak kepada ketidakberlanjutan kinerja ekonomi melalui: (1) pendapatan negeri maupun aktor pada jaringan sasi kontrak maupun sasi negeri tidak terjamin; (2) Penurunan produktivitas, karena pembiasan aturan-aturan produksi dan; (3) ketidakberlanjutan sasi kontrak dan sasi negeri sebab manfaat ekonomi tidak bisa dihasilkan secara bersama. Upaya penguatan modal sosial harus dilakukan dari dalam komunitas melalui `penguatan mutual trust ` dan jaringan, sesuai dengan nilai dan norma bersama.
English Abstract
Sasi culture is the local wisdom in the management of natural resource by community, so that it has economic implications. In its progress, the sasi culture has undergone dynamics in its existence and degradation. This research aims to: (1) identify the elements of internalized social capital, so as to create continuity and degradation in sasi culture; (2) to discover and understand holistically the economic performance through the continuity and degradation of sasi culture; and (3) formulating the model for continuous natural resource management through the development of social capital. The method of this research is qualitative one. Research was conducted in the negeri of Iha-Kulur and Luhu, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province, which was chosen based on purposive sampling. The result of this study shows that: sasi culture exists because sasi norms can be internalized well through obedience to the norms, so as to create a reciprocal trust. Obedience to the sasi norms can guarantee the expectations of economic performance through: (1) distribution of revenue to the government of negeri and benefit fot the development of negeri . The income of the actors can create welfare through the fulfillment of various basic needs and creation of social opportunities through family empowerment; (2) level of productivity due to the obedience to the rules of production process; and (3) continuity of sasi contract and sasi negeri , due to the economic benefit being received, which would give rise to strategy in the level of family and community to maintain their management rights. The strengthening is directed to build social network capital by optimizing the role of government and NGO to empower the economic potential, capacity building and legal protection. Sasi culture has undergone degradation due to the negative internalization of sasi norms, made possible by norm bias, caused by suspicion due to the lack harmony between the community and the king. Disobedience to the sasi rules has made an impact on the discontinued economic performance through: (1) revenue of the negeri and actors in the sasi contract network and sasi negeri is no longer guaranteed; (2) reduction in productivity, due to bias in production rules; and (3) discontinuity of sasi contracts and sasi negeri due to the inability to share economic benefit. The effort to strengthen social cap must be based on the community through `the strengthening of mutual trust` and network in accordance with the shared values and norms.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DES/333.7/SAN/d/061202076 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.7 Land, recreational and wilderness areas, energy |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Sep 2012 10:55 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2012 10:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/160759 |
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