Betan, AgustinusDeka (2014) Pengaruh Persentase Alkali dan Upset Time Perlakuan Serat Pangkal Pelepah Daun Pinang (Areca Catechu) terhadap Sifat Mekanis Komposit Polimer. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pohon pinang ( Areca Catechu ) dikenal sebagai tanaman serba guna karena mempunyai banyak manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Di daerah NTT pengolahan bagian pohon ini belum maksimal karena masih hanya sebatas sebagai sampah dan bahan baku untuk keperluan memasak. Namun dari hasil pengamatan, ada sebagian kecil masyarakat kepulauan Flores mengoptimalkan sifat mekanis serat pinang sebagai alat tradisional pemecah kulit kemiri serta pengikat tiang maupun atap yang terbuat dari bambu. Berdasarkan penggunaan sifat mekanis serat pinang secara tradisional maka penelitian ini, ingin lebih mengoptimalkannya sebagai penguat material baru (komposit) yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Di samping itu pemanfaatan serat pinang dipicu oleh pemanfaatan limbah tanaman umur panjang dengan tidak memotong pohon pinang sehingga mengurangi efek pemanasan global ( global worming ). Namun serat pinang pada umumnya mempunyai banyak kekurangan bila dibandingkan dengan serat sintetis maupun logam seperti kekuatan rendah pada beban kejut. Untuk meningkatkan kekuatan serat biasanya metode perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu bahan kimia (alkali). Kekuatan serat yang optimun diperoleh melalui penggunaan persentase alkali (NaOH) dan waktu perendaman ( upset time ) yang tepat. Sebelum serat pinang digunakan sebagai penguat komposit, dilakukan perendaman dengan persentase NaOH 4%, 5%, 6% pada upset time 1 dan 2 jam. Komposit dibuat sesuai aturan campuran ( rule of mixture ) yaitu batas yang rendahdari hasil perendaman dan modulus elastis serat tunggal hasil pengujian. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan peningkatan kekuatan serat tunggal apabila meningkat persentase 4%, 5% NaOH dengan upset time 1 jam dan menurun di persentase 6% NaOH. Sedangkan pada 4% NaOH selama 2 jam tertinggi kemudian turun pada persentase 5% dan 6%. Hasil pengujian kekuatan tarik serat murni diperoleh sebesar 84 MPa dan serat perlakuan tertinggi terjadi pada persentase 4% NaOH dengan upset time 2 jam sebesar 295 MPa. Kekuatan tarik serat tertinggi ini juga menghasilkan kekuatan tarik komposit yang tertinggi sebesar 36,8 MPa dan terendah terjadi pada persentase 0% sebesar 25,1 MPa. Hasil pengujian bending menunjukkan peningkatan untuk setiap peningkatan persentase dan upset time . Kekuatan bending terbaik terjadi pada persentase 6% NaOH dengan upset time 2 jam sebesar 256 MPa dan terendah terjadi pada 0% NaOH sebesar 100 MPa.
English Abstract
Betel Tree ( Areca Catechu ) is a multipurpose plant because it provides many benefits for human. Among community of NTT, this tree is not maximally processed because it is considered merely as waste and raw material for cooking. As previously observed, some communities of FloresIslands have optimized mechanical properties of betel fiber as traditional device to peel off candlenut, rope of pole, and binder of bamboo roof. mechanical properties of this traditional betel fiber can be optimized into new material reinforce (composite) with higher economical value. use of betel fiber is triggered by longer age of plant waste when tree is uncut for dampening effect of global warming. However, betel fiber still has disadvantages compared to syn tic fiber or metal fiber. One for sure is that betel fiber has low resistance to shock load. Fiber strength can be increased through treatment method, including with chemicals (alkali). Optimum fiber strength is obtained through use of appropriate percentages of alkali (NaOH) and precise submersion timing ( upset time ). Before betel fiber is used as composite reinforce, it is submerged into various NaOH percentages such as 4%, 5%, and 6 % at upset time of 1 and 2 hours. Composite is prepared based on rule of mixture , meaning that it is made based on lower bound of submersion result and elastic modulus of single fiber after testing. Result of experiment indicates that strength of single fiber is increased if it is submerged into 4% and 5% NaOH at upsite time of 1 hour and declined in 6% NaOH. During submersion into 4% NaOH for 2 hours, strength is highest but it decreases in percentages of concentration of 5% and 6%. Result of tensile strength test is that tensile strength of pure (untreated) fiber is 84 Mpa. treated fiber obtains highest tensile strength after treatment with 4% NaOH at 2 hours upset time, which amounts to 295 MPa. This highest fiber tensile strength can produce highest composite tensile strength which counts to 36.8 MPa, while lowest tensile strength of composite is 25.1 MPa found at 0% concentration. Result of bending test indicates that re is increase of bending with increase of concentration percentages and upset time. best bending strength is obtained at percentage of 6 % NaOH at upset time of 2 hours which achieves for 256 MPa and lowest bending strength is apparent in 0% NaOH with only 100 MPa.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/620.137/BET/p/041403670 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 620 Engineering and allied operations > 620.1 Engineering mechanics and materials |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Aug 2014 10:43 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Aug 2014 10:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/158597 |
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