Saputri, RomadhiyanaKisno (2013) Ekstrak Etanolik Rumput Laut Merahmenurunkan Jumlah Makrofag Alveolar Dan Kadar Malondialdehid Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Tikus Yang Dipapar Combined Pm10batubara Kronik. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Batubara merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang banyak digunakan oleh industri-industri di dunia. Menurut IEA (2010), konsumsi batubara dunia akan tumbuh rata-rata 2,6 persen per tahun antara periode 2005-2015. Inhalasi debu pada penambangan batubara bisa menyebabkan beberapa penyakit paru-paru Gangguan paru-paru disebabkan oleh partikel debu dan lamanya seseorang terpapar debu anorganik. Paparan beberapa agen toksik, seperti debu batubara menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan makrofag alveolar pada paru dan pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang apabila bereaksi dengan asam lemak tak jenuh ganda penyusun fosfolipid membran mampu menimbulkan reaksi kompleks yang menyebabkan terjadinya peroksidasi lemak. Rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) memiliki beberapa kandungan yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan seperti α-tokoferol, karotenoid, mineral, asam lemak, protein, vitamin C, vitamin E, zink, copper dan selenium, karaginan, senyawa fenolik dan sterol yang diduga mampu menurunkan inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Rumput laut merah jenis Eucheuma cottonii terhadap jumlah makrofag alveolar dan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) tikus yang dipapar debu batubara kronik. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitan eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan jenis post test only control group design dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Hewan coba yang digunakan tikus jantan jenis Rattus Norvegicus Strain Wistar berumur 4 bulan, berat badan 200-250 gram. Hewan coba dibagi dalam 10 kelompok, meliputi 1 kelompok kontrol negatif, 3 kelompok kontrol positif dan 6 kelompok perlakuan, yang terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus tiap kelompok. Sebelum perlakuan, tikus dilakukan aklimatisasi selama 1 minggu. Waktu penelitian lebih dari 30 minggu mulai bulan Juni 2012 – Januari 2013. Semua protokol penelitian telah disetujui Komisi Etik Penelitian Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Pemaparan debu batubara menggunakan alat coal dust exposure model 2010 yang didesain dan tersedia di Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Dosis paparan debu batubara sebesar 6,25 mg/m3 , 12,5 mg/m3 dan 25 mg/m3, pemaparan dilakukan satu jam per hari, enam hari per minggu selama minimal 24 minggu. Ekstrak Etanolik rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) diberikan ± 1 bulan setelah pemaparan debu batubara. Pembedahan dilakukan setelah pemaparan minimal 24 minggu dengan eter sebagai bahan anestesi. Pengambilan Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) dilakukan dengan dua kali lavage hungga terkumpul ±5 ml cairan lavage dari masing-masing tikus. Jumlah makrofag dihitung dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan menggunakan 5 square hemositometer. Diferensiasi sel dihitung dari hapusan BALF dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Wright. Pemeriksaan malondialdehid (MDA) dilakukan dengan uji TBARs dan kadar MDA ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 532 nm. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik dengan program SPSS 17 menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, dilanjutkan uji Post Hoc Mann-Whitney. Perbedaan antar kelompok penelitian dianggap bermakna atau signifikan jika nilai p 0,05 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah makrofag alveolar dan kadar MDA BALF meningkat setelah pemaparan debu batubara kronik dibandingkan kontrol negatif, peningkatan jumlah makrofag alveolar dan kadar MDA BALF seiring dengan peningkatan dosis debu batubara. Jumlah makrofag alveolar menurun setelah pemberian dosis rendah ekstrak Etanolik rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif (hanya paparan debu batubara). Sementara pada pemberian dosis tinggi ekstrak Etanolik rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) jumlah makrofag alveolar meningkat seiring peningkatan dosis debu batubara. kadar MDA BALF menurun setelah pemberian ekstrak Etanolik rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) pada kelompok paparan debu batubara 12,5 mg/m3 dan 25 mg/m3 dibandingkan kontrol positif. Pada kelompok paparan debu batubara 6,25 mg/m3 kadar MDA BALF fluktuatif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Eucheuma cottonii dapat memperbaiki stres oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh paparan Combined Particulate matter10 debu batubara kronik.
English Abstract
Coal is one of fuels that are widely used by industries in world. According to IEA (2010), world coal consumption will grow by an average 2.6 percent per year between 2005-2015. Inhalation of dust in coal mining can cause several lung diseases lung disorders caused by dust particles and time of exposure to dust anorganik. Exposure of some toxic agent, such as coal dust induce an increase in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which when reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipid of membranes and induce a complex reactions that cause lipid peroxidation. Red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) have an antioxidant content such as α-tocopherol, carotenoids, minerals, fatty acids, protein, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper and selenium, carrageenan, phenolic compounds and sterols that able to reduce inflammation. This study aimed to determine effect Eucheuma cottonii number of alveolar macrophages and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) bronchoalveolar lavage Fluid (BALF) mice were exposed to chronic coal dust. Research conducted a laboratory experimental research using this type of post-test only control group design with completely randomized design. Animal species used male rats Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain aged 4 months, weight 200-250 grams. Experimental animals were divided into 10 groups, including One group was used as negative control group (without any treatment), three group as positive control group (three dose Combined Particulate matter10 coal dust exposure treatment), six group as treatment droup (three dose Combined Particulate matter10 coal dust exposure and two dose Eucheuma cottonii), consisting of 3 rats per group. Before treatment, mice performed acclimatization for 1 week. Time study ±30 weeks from June 2012 - January 2013. ]. All experimental procedures described were reviewed and approved by Health Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, University Gastric Mangkurat Banjarmasin, Indonesia.. Exposure to coal dust using coal dust exposure 2010 model which designed and available in Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang. Dose of coal dust exposure of 6.25 mg/m3, 12.5 mg/m3 and 25 mg/m3, exposure time was one hour per day, six days per week for at least 24 weeks. Ethanol extract of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) are given ± 1 month after exposure to coal dust. Surgery is performed after a minimum of 24 weeks of exposure with e r as anes tic agent. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) performed twice until ± 5 ml fluid from each rat. Number of macrophages counted under a light microscope using a hemocytometer square 5. Cell differentiation calculated from smear BALF using Wright staining. Examination of malondialdehyde (MDA) using TBARS test, MDA levels determined using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 532 nm. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Kruskal Wallis test, followed by Post Hoc test of Mann-Whitney. Differences between study groups significant if p-value 0.05 results showed number of alveolar macrophages and MDA levels increased after chronically exposure of coal dust compared than negative control, an increase in number of alveolar macrophages and MDA levels BALF dose depedently. Number of alveolar macrophages decreased after administration of low doses of ethanol extract of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) compared to positive control group (only exposure to coal dust). While administration of high doses of ethanol extract of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) number of alveolar macrophages increases with increase significantly. MDA BALF levels decreased after administration of ethanol extract of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on coal dust exposure group 12.5 mg/m3 and 25 mg/m3 compared to positive control. In group of coal dust exposure of 6.25 mg/m3 Balf MDA levels fluctuate.It can be concluded that Eucheuma cottonii can protect lung from oxidative stress caused by chronically exposure to Combined Particulate matter10 coal dust
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.329.88/SAP/e/041310055 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Biomedis, Fakultas Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Apr 2014 09:16 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Apr 2014 09:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/158165 |
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