Adyatma, Sidharta (2017) Analisis Teknologi Petani Dalam Budidaya Padi Sawah Pasang Surut Varietas Lokal Dan Pelepasan Gas Metana Sebagai Sumber Gas Rumah Kaca Di Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pemanasan global yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) yaitu gas CO2, CH4 dan N20 di atmosfer, karena aktivitas manusia dalam penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, proses alami dan kegiatan alih fungsi penggunaan lahan. Kemampuan gas CH4 menyerap panas 25 kali lebih besar daripada CO2. Peningkatan GRK di atmosfer selama tahun 1750 hingga 2005 telah meningkat gas CH4 dari 700 menjadi 1,745 ppb. Adanya kenaikan gas CH4 sebesar 1,3 ppm dapat meningkatkan suhu atmosfer sebesar 10C. Sumber utama emisi CH4 di atmosfer berasal dari dekomposisi bahan organik pada kondisi anaerobik di dalam tanah dan dekat permukaan tanah oleh bakteri metanogenik yaitu sebesar 60%. Emisi CH4 sangat dipengaruhi banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah tipe tanah, pengelolaan air irigasi, suhu tanah, varietas tanaman, pemupukan, musim tanam dan redoks tanah. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian teknologi petani dalam budidaya padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal terhadap penurunan emisi GRK di Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan; (2) mengetahui besarnya potensi pelepasan gas metana pada tanaman padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal di Kabupaten Barito Kuala; (3) mengetahui tanaman padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal di Kabupaten Barito Kuala efektif sebagai pelepas gas metana dan (4) mengevaluasi hubungan antara karakteristik lahan dan karakteristik tanaman padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal di Kabupaten Barito Kuala terhadap pelepasan gas metana. Populasi petani untuk mengetahui teknologi petani dalam budidaya padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal sebanyak 16.037 petani, dengan jumlah sampel berdasarkan tabel Morgan sebanyak 375 petani yang diambil secara acak sederhana. Jumlah sampel untuk pengukuran potensi pelepasan gas metana menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposif yang dipilih secara selektif dari dua (2) jenis padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal yang dominan, dengan jumlah pengambilan sampel untuk tiap-tiap jenis padi sebanyak tiga (3) sampel secara acak pada lahan persawahan petani yang bersedia. Angket terbuka digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari petani jenis padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal yang sering ditanam petani pada tiap-tiap zona, sedang angket tertutup digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi teknologi petani dalam budidaya padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal terhadap penurunan emisi GRK. Kegiatan observasi pelepasan gas metana di lapangan bersifat langsung dan sistematis, yaitu melakukan pengamatan atau pengukuran pada obyek penelitian dengan waktu dan interval waktu tertentu yang telah ditetapkan. Analisis teknologi petani dalam budidaya padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal terhadap penurunan emisi GRK menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap tingkat kesesuaiannya. Analisis pelepasan gas metana menggunakan rumus dari Lantin et al dan potensi besarnya pelepasan gas metana selama 1 musim tanam menggunakan rumus dari Setyanto, sedang analisis efektifitas pelepasan gas metana menggunakan rumus dari Mahsun yang dimodifikasi. Analisis hubungan antara karakteristik lahan dan karakteristik xi tanaman padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal terhadap pelepasan gas metana menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani telah memiliki teknologi bertani yang mempunyai kesesuaian yang tinggi terhadap penurunan emisi GRK, yaitu sebanyak 121 petani (55,3%) di Kecamatan Tamban dan sebanyak 87 petani (55,8%) di Kecamatan Marabahan, sedang sisanya memiliki teknologi bertani yang mempunyai kesesuaian yang sangat tinggi terhadap penurunan emisi GRK, yaitu sebanyak 98 petani (44,7%) di Kecamatan Tamban dan 69 petani (44,2%) di Kecamatan Marabahan. Potensi besarnya pelepasan gas metana jenis padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal sebesar 26,7 sampai 60,8 KgCH4/Ha/musim lebih rendah dari potensi besarnya pelepasan gas metana jenis padi sawah varietas unggul sebesar 194,0 sampai 461,0 KgCH4/Ha/musim. Tingkat efektifitas pelepasan gas metana jenis padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal di Kabupaten Barito Kuala jika dibandingkan dengan potensi besarnya pelepasan gas metana padi varietas unggul mempunyai tingkat efektifitas tidak efektif. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda hubungan antara karakteristik lahan dan karakteristik tanaman padi sawah pasang surut varietas lokal dengan pelepasan gas metana, diketahui mempunyai nilai indeks determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,562 dan nilai indeks korelasi (r) sebesar 0,75 yang menunjukkan ada hubungan yang kuat.
English Abstract
Global warming caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) is CO2, CH4 and N20 in the atmosphere, Due to human activities in the use of fossil fuels, natural processes and activities over the function of land use. The ability of CH4 gas to absorb heat 25 times greater than CO2. Increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere during the 1750 to 2005 has increased CH4 from 700 to 1,745 ppb. An increase of 1.3 ppm CH4 gas can increase the atmospheric temperature of 10C. The main source of CH4 emissions in the atmosphere comes from the decomposition of organic materials in anaerobic conditions in the soil and near the soil surface by methanogenic bacteria which decreased by 60%. CH4 emissions greatly influenced by many factors, including the type of soil, irrigation water management, soil temperature, crop varieties, fertilizer and the planting season and the redox potential of land. The purpose of this research are (1) Know the level of concordance farmers technology in rice cultivation tidal local varieties of the GHG emission reduction in Barito Kuala district South Borneo Province; (2) Know the magnitude of the potential methane emission in rice crops tidal local varieties in Barito Kuala district; (3) Know rice crops tidal local varieties in Barito Kuala effective as methane emission and (4) evaluating the relationship between land characteristics and the characteristics of tidal rice crops local varieties in Barito Kuala against methane emission. Population farmers to know the technology of farmers in rice cultivation tidal local varieties as many as 16 037 farmers, with the number of samples based on Morgan table 375 farmers were taken randomly. The number of samples for the measurement of the potential methane emission using purposive sampling method chosen selectively from two (2) types of paddy tidal dominant local varieties, With the number of samples for each type of rice for three (3) randomly sampled in the paddy fields of farmers who are willing. Open questionnaire was used to collect information from farmers types of paddy tidal local varieties are often grown by farmers in each zone, closed questionnaire was used to collect technological information of farmers in rice cultivation tidal local varieties of the GHG emission reduction. Observation activities methane release in the field of direct and systematic, that is making observations or measurements on the object of research with time and a certain time interval that has been set. Analysis of the farmers technology in rice cultivation tidal local varieties to the reduction of GHG emissions using quantitative descriptive analysis of the level of compliance. Analysis of methane emission using the formula of the Latin et al and the potential magnitude of the release of methane during the first growing season using the formula of Setyanto, and the analysis of the effectiveness of the release of methane gas using a modified formula of Mahsun. Analysis of the relationship between land characteristics and the characteristics of tidal rice crops local varieties to methane emission using regression analysis. The results showed that most farmers already have the technology of farming that has high conformance to the reduction of GHG emissions, 121 xiii farmers (55.3%) in the District of Tamban and 87 farmers (55.8%) in the marabahan District, while the rest have farmed technology which have very high suitability on emission reduction (GRK), 98 farmers (44.7%) in the District of Tamban and 69 farmers (44.2%) in the marabahan District. The potential amount of methane emission tidal wetland rice types of local varieties by 26.7 to 60.8 KgCH4/Ha/ season lower than the potential amount of methane emission type of paddy rice varieties of 194.0 to 461.0 KgCH4/Ha/season. The effectiveness of methane emission types of paddy tidal local varieties in Barito when compared to the magnitude of the potential methane emission rice varieties have the level of effectiveness is not effective. The results of multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between land characteristics and the characteristics of tidal rice crops local varieties by methane emission, are known to have an index value determination (R2) of 0.562 and the index value of correlation (r) of 0.75 which showed a strong correlation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/631.583/ADY/a/2017/061707848 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | GREEN HOUSES, GREEN HOUSE GAS METIGATION, RCE - FIELD EXPERIMENTS, METHANE - INDONESIA - KALIMANTAN SELATAN |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting > 631.58 Special methods of cultivation > 631.583 Controlled-environment agriculture |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2017 02:09 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Dec 2020 12:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/1580 |
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