Hismayasari, IntanurfemiBacandra (2014) Profil Tingkat Maturasi Ovari Ikan Pelangi Melanotaenia boesemani di Distrik Ayamaru Utara, Kabupaten Maybrat-Papua Barat. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil tingkat maturasi ovari ikan Pelangi M. boesemani. Profil tingkat maturasi ovari dapat dianalisis secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Analisis makroskopik antara lain warna ovari, berat ovari ( Gonadosomatic index/ GSI), berat hati ( hepatosomatic index/ HSI) dan diameter folikel. Diameter folikel diukur dengan menggunakan software ImageJ 1.42q. Observasi ovari secara makroskopik juga dianalisis berdasarkan panjang standar tubuh ikan terkait dengan kematangan seksual. Analisis mikroskopik terdiri dari gambaran histologis dan proporsi stadium oosit. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis profil tingkat maturasi ovari secara temporal dari bulan Juni sampai Nopember serta mengkaji korelasi parameter fisika kimia lingkungan, tahap previtelogenesis dan tahap vitelogenesis terhadap tingkat maturasi ovari. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebulan sekali selama 5 bulan yaitu Juni sampai November 2013. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan di perairan Distrik Ayamaru Utara, Kabupaten Maybrat Papua Barat yang terdiri dari 3 stasiun yaitu Seta, Tiwit dan Sagsiger. Pada ketiga lokasi tersebut dilakukan pengukuran parameter fisika kimia perairan yang diukur antara jam 8.00 – 10.00 di Sagsiger, 11.30 – 13.30 di Tiwit dan 13.30 – 16.00 di Seta. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan jala dengan bukaan 2 meter dan mesh size 1 cm. Preparasi ikan sampel dilakukan di ILitbangBIAT, Poltek Kelautan dan Perikanan (eks APSOR) kemudian dibuat preparat histologi di laboratorium patologi dan anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya. Preparat histologi ovari dianalisis lebih lanjut di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan, FMIPA, Universitas Brawijaya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan untuk menentukan korelasi antar variabel digunakan permodelan dan dianalisis dengan analisis Partial Least Square (PLS) menggunakan rekomendasi paket statistik SmartPLS versi 1.01. Profil tingkat maturasi ovari ikan Pelangi Boesemani M. boesemani terdiri dari 5 tingkat yaitu TKG I (belum matang), TKG II (perkembangan awal), TKG III (perkembangan remaja dan dewasa istirahat), TKG IV (perkembangan akhir) dan TKG V (bunting). Ovari TKG I ditemukan pada ikan dengan SL 11-60 mm, TKG II ditemukan pada ikan dengan SL 21-80 mm. Ovari TKG III dan TKG IVditemukan pada ikan dengan SL 41-90 mm. Ovari TKG V ditemukan pada ikan dengan SL 41-100 mm. Nilai rata-rata GSI pada TKG III sebesar 1.53%, TKG IV sebesar 1.82% dan TKG V sebesar 2.06%. Nilai rata-rata HSI ikan Pelangi M. boesemani dengan TKG III, IV dan V berturut-turut adalah 1.60%, 1.76% dan 2.16%. Hasil analisis sebaran ukuran diameter folikel diketahui bahwa terdapat 1-3 modus ukuran diameter folikel. Modus ukuran diameter folikel TKG III terdiri dari 1 modus yaitu pada kisaran 0.58-0.65 mm (19.43%), modus ukuran diameter folikel TKG IV terdiri dari 2 modus yaitu 0.66-0.73 mm (6.22%) dan 0.98-1.05 mm (20.17%). Sedangkan modus ukuran diameter folikel TKG V terdiri dari 3 modus yaitu 0.74-0.81 mm (6.26%), 1.06-1.13 mm (22.04%) dan 1.30-1.37 (9.74%). Hasil analisis histologi ovari ikan M. boesemani menunjukkan terdapat 8 stadium oosit yaitu oogonia, oosit perinuklear awal, oosit perinuklear akhir, oosit kortikal alveoli, oosit vitelogenik awal, oosit mid-vitelogenik, oosit vitelogenik akhir dan oosit matang serta oosit atresia. Hasil analisis histologi ovari ikan Pelangi Boesemani M. boesemani juga menunjukkan bahwa pada ovari TKG I didominasi oleh oogonia (OOG = 13.6%), oosit perinuklear awal (OP1 = 21.6%), dan oosit perinuklear akhir (OP2 = 19.6%). Ovari TKG II didominasi oleh oosit kortikal alveoli (OCA = 21%). Ovari TKG III didominasi oleh oosit vitelogenik awal (OV1 = 20.8%) dan oosit mid-vitelogenik (OV2 = 16.4%). Ovari TKG IV didominasi oleh oosit vitelogenik akhir (OV3 = 16%) sedangkan pada ovari TKG V didominasi oleh oosit matang (OM = 19.2%). Folikel atresia juga ditemukan pada setiap tingkat maturasi dengan proporsi terendah pada TKG I (3.6%) dan proporsi tertinggi pada TKG V (16.6%). Analisis tingkat maturasi ovari ikan Pelangi M. boesemani secara temporal pada bulan Juni sampai Nopember diduga bahwa puncak maturasi dan waktu pemijahan terjadi pada bulan Agustus. Pendugaan ini didasarkan pada nilai GSI (2.163%), HSI (2.276%) dan proporsi stadium oosit matang tertinggi (22.66%). Puncak maturasi dan waktu pemijahan ikan Pelangi M. boesemani yang terjadi pada bulan Agustus diduga berkaitan dengan kondisi curah hujan tinggi yaitu sebesar 484.3 mm/jam/hari. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil analisis korelasi SmartPLS antara variabel fisika kimia lingkungan, tahap previtelogenesis, tahap vitelogenesis terhadap tingkat maturasi ovari. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel parameter fisika berkorelasi langsung terhadap variabel kimia, previtelogenesis, maturasi ovari yang diindikasikan oleh kecepatan arus, curah hujan dan temperatur. Korelasi langsung juga tampak pada korelasi antara variabel parameter kimia terhadap variabel previtelogenesis, vitelogenesis, maturasi yang dipengaruhi oleh oksigen terlarut dan pH. Variabel previtelogenesis berkorelasi langsung terhadap variabel vitelogenesis dan maturasi ovari yang dipengaruhi oleh proporsi sel oogonia, oosit perinuklear awal, oosit perinuklear akhir, dan oosit kortikal alveoli. Variabel vitelogenesis berkorelasi langsung terhadap maturasi ovari yang dipengaruhi oleh proporsi sel oosit vitelogenik awal dan oosit vitelogenik akhir. Konstruksi model tersebut juga menggambarkan korelasi tidak langsung antara variabel parameter fisika terhadap variabel vitelogenesis. Kesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan dari hasil penelitian mengenai profil tingkat maturasi ovari ikan Pelangi Boesemani ( M. boesemani) yaitu ovari matang secara seksual ditemukan pada ikan dengan panjang standar tubuh ≥ 41 mm dan dikategorikan dalam ovari TKG III, TKG IV dan TKG V. Nilai GSI dan HSI semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan tingkat maturasi ovari yaitu 1.53% dan 1.60% pada TKG III, 1.82% dan 1.76% pada TKG IV serta 2.06%, dan 2.16% pada TKG V. Berdasarkan sebaran diameter folikel dengan beberapa puncak diketahui bahwa ikan Pelangi M. boesemani tergolong pemijah bertahap ( multiple spawner). Analisis maturasi ovari secara temporal dari bulan Juni sampai Nopember berdasarkan nilai GSI, HSI dan proporsi oosit mencapai puncak maturasi ovari pada bulan Agustus dengan waktu pemijahan juga terjadi pada bulan Agustus. Maturasi ovari ikan Pelangi M. boesemani berkorelasi secara langsung dengan parameter fisika kimia lingkungan, tahap previtelogenesis dan tahap vitelogenesis.
English Abstract
The aim of this research was to analized ovary maturation stages profile of Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani . Ovary maturation stages profile can be analized macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopic analysis consist of ovary colour, ovary weight (Gonadosomatic index/GSI), liver weight (hepatosomatic index/ HSI) and follicles diameter. Follicles diameter was observed using Image J 1.42q software. Observations ovarian macroscopically also analyzed based on the standard length of the fishs body associated with sexual maturity. Microscopic analysis consists of ovaries histology and proportion of oocytes stadium. This research also to analized ovary maturation stages from June to November, to examine correlation between environmental physic and chemical variables, previtellogenic stage, vitellogenic stage, on ovary maturation. Sampling was done once a month for 5 months begun from June to November 2013. Sampling was done at water surround Ayamaru Lake, West Papua consist of 3 sampling sites i.e Seta, Tiwit and Sagsiger. Physical and chemical water parameters also measured at this three sampling sites. This was done at 8.00 – 10.00 AM at Sagsiger, 11.30 – 01.30 PM at Tiwit and 01.30 – 04.00 PM at Seta. Fish samples were taken by nets with 2 meters opening and 1 cm mesh size. The preparation of fish samples were done at Research and Development of Freshwater Fish Aquaculture Installation, Sorong Fisheries Academy, then processed histologically at Pathology and Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. Analysis of ovary morphoanatomy was done at Animal Physiology Laboratory, Mathematic and Basic Sciences Faculty, Brawijaya University. Data taken in this research analyzed descriptively. The correlation between variables were analyzed using modeling based on the recommendation of statistical package SmartPLS version 1.01. Ovary maturation stages profile of Boesmani Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani consists of 5 stages i.e TKG I (immature), TKG II (early development), TKG III (developing virgin and resting adult), TKG IV (late developing) and TKG V (gravid). TKG I ovaries were found at 11-60 mm standart length fishes. TKG II ovaries were found at 21-80 mm standart length fishes. TKG III and TKG IV ovaries were found at 41-90 mm standart length fishes. TKG V ovaries was found at 41-100 mm standart length fishes. The average of GSI at TKG III, TKG IV, TKG V were 1.53%, 1.82% 2.06% respectivelly. The average of HSI at TKG III, TKG IV, TKG V were 1.60%, 1.76% dan 2.16% respectivelly. The analysis of follicles diameter distribution noted that there is 1-3 modus of follicles diameter. Analysis of follicles diameter in TKG III ovaries consist of 1 modus i.e 0.58-0.65 mm (19.43%), modus of follicles diameter of TKG IV ovaries consist of 2 modus i.e 0.66-0.73 mm (6.22%) and 0.98-1.05 mm (20.17%). Meanwhile, follicles diameter distribution of TKG V ovariesconsist of 3 modus i.e 0.74-0.81 mm (6.26%), 1.06-1.13 mm (22.04%), and 1.30-1.37 (9.74%). The hystological analysis of M. boesemani rainbowfish ovary consists of 8 oocyte stadium not included atresia follicles i.e oogonia, early perinuclear oocyte, late perinuclear oocyte, cortical alveoli oocyte, early vitellogenic oocyte, mid-vitellogenic oocyte, late vitellogenic oocyte and mature oocyte. Histologycal analysis of Boesmani Rainbowfish M. boesemani ovaries showed that the TKG I ovaries dominated by oogonia (OOG = 13.6%), early perinuclear oocytes (OP1 = 21.6%), and late perinuclear oocytes (OP2 = 19.6%). The TKG II ovaries dominated by cortical alveoli oocytes (OCA = 21%). The TKG III ovaries dominated by early vitellogenic oocytes (OV1 = 20.8%) and mid-vitelogenic oocytes (OV2 = 16.4%). The TKG IV ovaries dominated by late vitelogenik oocytes (OV3 = 16%) whie TKG V ovaries dominated by mature (OM = 19.2%). The analysis of maturation stages of M. boesemani rainbowfish ovary temporally from June to November could be expected that the peak of maturation and spawning season happened on August. This expectation based on GSI (2.163%), HSI (2.276%) values and oocytes proportion of mature oocytes (22,66%) were on the highest level. Spawning season of M. boesemani rainbowfish related to rainfall which is at the highest level on August (484.3 mm/hours/day). The correlation among the environmental physics and chemical, previtellogenic phase, vitellogenic phase and ovary maturation. Physical variable directly correlated with chemical variable, previtellogenic phase, and ovary maturation indicated by current velocity, rainfall and temperature. Direct correlation also seen at correlation between chemical variable to previtellogenic phase, vitellogenic phase and ovary maturation indicated by dissolved oxygen and pH. Previtellogenic phase directly correlated with vitellogenic phase and ovary maturation indicated by proportion of oogonia, early perinuclear oocytes, late perinuclear oocytes, and cortical alveoli oocytes. Vitellogenic variable directly correlated with ovary maturation indicated by proportion of early vitellogenic oocytes and late vitellogenic oocytes. The model construction also described indirect correlation between physical variables to vitellogenic phase. The research about maturation stages profile of M. boesemani rainbowfish ovary can be concluded that TKG I and TKG II ovaries were found at fish with 41 mm in standart length. TKG III, TKG IV and TKG V ovaries were found at fish with ≥ 41 mm in standart length. GSI and HSI values were increased with the increased of ovary maturation stages i.e TKG III (1.53% and 1.60%), TKG IV (1.82% and 1.76%), TKG V ( 2.06%, and 2.16%) respectivelly. Based on follicles diameter distribution with 1-3 modus can be concluded that M. boesemani rainbowfish classified as multiple spawner. Analysis of maturation stages temporally from June to November based on GSI, HSI and oocytes proportion analyzed temporally noted that the peak of maturation and spawning season happened on August. The environmental physic and chemichal directly correlated with previtellogenic phase, and vitellogenic phase on the prosess of M. boesemani rainbowfish ovary maturation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/597.66/HIS/p/041408372 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates > 597.6 Scopelomorpha, Paracanthopterygii, Acanthopterygii |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jan 2015 16:05 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jan 2015 16:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157874 |
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