Juanda, ShobikhuliatulJannah (2013) Histopatologi Gonad dan Kadar Hormon Estrogen Ikan Tawes (Puntius javanicus) di Sungai Surabaya, Kalimas Surabaya dan Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tujuan jangka pendek penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana toksisitas polutan di hilir DAS Brantas terhadap histopatologi gonad dan kadar hormon estrogen ikan tawes ( P. javanicus ), sehingga diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu indikator ekotoksikologi serta wacana awal potensi gangguan endokrin di hilir DAS Brantas. Penelitian dilakukan melalui 3 tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan, penelitian tahap I dan II. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk menentukan titik pengamatan yang didasarkan pada hasil pengumpulan data primer tentang profil sungai dan data sekunder yang diambil dari studi literatur dan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Pada penelitian tahap I dilakukan pengamatan kualitas air dan pengambilan sampel ikan serta pemeliharaannya di sungai selama 21 hari (10 ekor/m 2 ), kemudian diambil kembali untuk dilakukan pengamatan morfologi secara visual (abnormalitas morfologi, panjang dan berat ikan, berat gonad, jenis kelamin). Penelitian tahap II mencakup semua analisis yang dilakukan di laboratorium, termasuk preparasi histopatologi gonad ikan dan analisis hormon estrogen pada air sungai dan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi Sungai Surabaya, Kalimas Surabaya dan Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo sudah tercemar, dilihat dari kadar limbah organik dan logam berat yang berada di atas standar maksimal baku mutu kualitas air dalam PP no 82, 2001. Tidak terdapat abnormalitas morfologi ikan tawes di ketiga sungai tersebut, namun ikan tawes mengalami kerusakan yang sama yaitu sirip robek, permukaan berlendir, sisik terkelupas, hati berwarna cokelat, insang berlendir dan pucat. Hanya ikan tawes di Sungai Surabaya yang berada pada TKG IV, sedangkan ikan tawes di Kalimas Surabaya dan Sungai Aloo berada pada TKG III dengan nilai indeks kematangan gonad di ketiga sungai menunjukkan bahwa ikan tawes dapat memijah sepanjang tahun. Tipe pertumbuhan ikan tawes di ketiga sungai adalah sama yaitu alometrik negatif. Histopatologi gonad ikan tawes di ketiga sungai mempunyai jenis kerusakan degenerasi jaringan testikular, apoptosis pada seminiferus tubular, edema, fibrosis, hipertropi, hiperplasia, adanya akumulasi yellowish-brown pigmen, aktivitas makrofag, piknotik, karyolisis, hemoragi (Sungai Surabaya dan Sungai Aloo), oosit pecah (Sungai Surabaya dan Kalimas Surabaya), oosit mati, atresia pada perinuklear, adanya folikel yang masuk ke dalam oosit (Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo), kerusakan pada amplop vitelin (Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo), namun hanya ikan tawes kontrol dan dari Kalimas Surabaya yang mempunyai keabnormalan yang diindikasikan adanya ovotestis. Kadar hormon air sungai sebesar 21 pg/ml pada Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo dan 100 pg/ml pada Sungai Surabaya dan Kalimas Surabaya. Sedangkan kadar hormon ikan tawes jantan di Sungai Surabaya (16 dan 580 pg/ml), Kalimas Surabaya (370 dan 720 pg/ml), di Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo (140 dan 12 pg/ml). Kadar hormon ikan tawes betina sebesar 1000 pg/ml (Sungai Surabaya), 720 pg/ml (Kalimas Surabaya), 860 pg/ml (Sungai Aloo Sidoarjo).
English Abstract
The short term goal of the research is to know the effect of pollutants on Brantas downstream to gonadal histophatology and estrogen hormone level of tawes fish ( Puntius javanicus ), so that is expected to be used as ecotoxicological bioindicator and early warning to endocrine disruption potential on Brantas downstream. This research were done on 3 phases, including preliminary research, phase I research dan phase II research. Preliminary research were done to determine the location of research wich based on the primary datas about rivers profile and secondary datas wihch were taken from literature and previous studies. Observation of water quality, fish sampling and rearing of fish on the river for 21 days (10 ind/m 2 ), then taken back to visual morphological observation (abnormality of morphology, fish length and weight, gonadal weight and sex) were done in phase I research. Phase II research encompassed all of laboratories analysis including the histophatological preparation of fish gonad and estrogen hormone analysis in river waters and fishses. The result of the research showed that Surabaya River, Kalimas Surabaya and Aloo Sidoarjo River had been contamined, seen in the levels of organic wastes and heavy metals that was exceed the maximum standard of water quality in PP no 82, 2001. There were no morphological abnormality of tawes fish on the three rivers, but suffered the same damage on the ripped fins, mucous body surfaces, chipped scales, chocolate color of liver, mucus and pale gills. Only tawes fish on Surabaya River which was at TKG IV, while tawes fish on Kalimas Surabaya and Aloo Sidoarjo River was at TKG III with gonadosomatic index on the three rivers showed that tawes fish spawned throughtout the year. The types of tawes fish on the three rivers was negative allometric. The gonadal histophatology on the three rivers was testicular degeration, seminiferus tubules apoptotic, edema, fibrosist, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, yellowish-brown pigmen accumulation, macrophag agregates, pycnotic, kharyolitic, hemorage (Surabaya River and Aloo Sidoarjo River), breaking down of oocytes (Surabaya River and Kalimas Surabaya), destroyed oocytes, perinucleour atresia, follicular cells entering the oocytes (Aloo Sidoarjo River), destroyed vitellin envelopes (Aloo Sidoarjo River), but only control fish and fish from Kalimas Surabaya that had gonadal abnormality that was indicated with ovotestis. Estrogen hormone level in river water was 21 pg/ml for Aloo Sidoarjo River and 100 pg/ml for Surabaya River and Kalimas Surabaya. Whereas estrogen hormone level of male tawes fish on Surabaya River was 16 and 580 pg/ml, Kalimas Surabaya 370 and 720 pg/ml, Aloo Sidoarjo River 140 and 12 pg/ml. Estrogen hormone level of female tawes fish was 1000 pg/ml (Surabaya River), 720 pg/ml (Kalimas Surabaya), 860 pg/ml (Aloo Sidoarjo River).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/597.482/JUA/h/041302616 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates > 597.4 Miscellaneous superorders of Actinopterygii |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Jun 2013 15:06 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Jun 2013 15:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157863 |
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