Rahadiantoro, Apriyono (2013) Distribusi Spasial dan Variasi Genetik Jamuju Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. di Jalur Tumpang-Senduro TNBTS Berdasarkan Intron trnL. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jamuju merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan endemik Indonesia yang keberadaannya di alam rawan mengalami punah. Habitat jamuju adalah di hutan hujan tropis pegunungan. Data tentang distribusi spasial dan variasi genetik dari jamuju belum diketahui sehingga menyulitkan upaya-upaya konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial dan variasi genetik jamuju di jalur Tumpang-Senduro, Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS). Eksplorasi populasi indukan jamuju dilakukan dengan metode jelajah di jalur Tumpang-Senduro, TNBTS (panjang 29 km) dengan batas tepi terluar 50 m (luas area 2,9 km2). Eksplorasi anakan jamuju dilakukan pada luas area plot 60 x 60 m2 (luas area 0,36 ha) dengan titik pusat indukan jamuju. Lokasi koordinat jamuju ditandai dengan GPS dan dianalisis dengan Quantum 1.7.1. Data kondisi populasi jamuju yang dicatat meliputi: 1. Jumlah pohon dan anakan jamuju dan 2. kondisi habitat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial. Sampel anakan jamuju dipilih dari subpopulasi (SP) terbesar, SP 1 (5 individu) dan SP6 (5 individu). DNA total diektraksi dari daun muda dengan metode CTAB, uji Kuantitatif DNA dengan spektrofotometer dan uji kuantitatif DNA dengan elektroforesis gel agarose. Intron trnL diamplifikasi dengan primer c (5`CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG-3`) dan d (5`-GGGGATAGAGGGACTTGAAC-3`). Intron trnL hasil amplifikasi di- sekuensing dan dianalisis dengan ABI Sequence Scanner v.10. Intron trnL hasil sekuensing dibandingkan dengan Genbank lalu dilakukan alignment dengan ClustalW ( bioedit ). Intron trnL hasil alignment dianalisis dengan MEGA 5.03 berdasarkan model evolusi Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) dan 3 model algoritma berbeda: Neighbor-joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML) dan Maximum Parsimony (MP) dengan nilai boostrap 1000 kali. Populasi jamuju ditemukan di dekat Desa Ngadas (NG) dan Desa Ranu Pani (RP) dengan kerapatan indukan jamuju 7 individu/km2. Pada area NG ditemukan 2 indukan jamuju (2,2 % dari total jamuju). Populasi jamuju di RP adalah yang terbesar yaitu 90 individu (97,8 % dari total jamuju), terdiri 17 indukan dan 73 anakan. Jumlah anakan terbesar terdapat pada SP1 dan SP6 sebesar 45 individu (61,6 % dari total anakan) dan 20 individu (27,4 % dari total anakan). Kerapatan anakan terbesar terdapat di area SP1 dan SP6 dengan nilai 103 individu/ha dan 56 individu/ha. Jamuju tersebar pada kawasan hutan sekunder, hutan elfin dan lahan pertanian pada lokasi 1.786 m hingga 2.035 m dpl. Anakan jamuju ditemukan pada kawasan hutan yang masih terjaga fungsi ekologisnya dengan kondisi habitat cenderung ternaungi, memiliki iklim basah dan kelembaban udara tinggi. Sekuen intron trnL jamuju bersifat identik. Intron trnL tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendeterminasikan variasi genetik pada tingkat populasi. Informasi distribusi spasial dan variasi genetik jamuju merupakan kunci penting dalam strategi konservasi jamuju. Area SP1 dan SP6 perlu menjadi prioritas dalam konservasi insitu karena merupakan sumber plasma nutfah yang berperan penting dalam pemulihan populasi jamuju di alam.
English Abstract
The Jamuju, Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. is an native tree species to the Indonesia. The habitat of D. imbricatus confirm to the mountain tropical forest. Spatial distribution and genetic variation database of Jamuju are not known and therefore becomes the limiting factors to the protection of jamuju. The aims of study are to determine spatial distribution and genetic variation of D. imbricatus in Tumpang-Senduro track, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), East Java, Indonesia. Exploration of adult individual and population of Jamuju were conducted along forest road from Tumpang to Senduro (29 km). In site were seedlings were recorded, a plot analysis by 60 x 60 m2 were established with adult Jamuju as a centre of the plots. Geographic coordinate of trees and seedlings were marked using GPS and analyzed using Quantum 1.7.1. In order to get raw material for genetic analysis, some seedling individual from two biggest population of Jamuju in the wild were randomly selected. In such species target, a leaves as a sources of DNA were collected from wild population and transferred to the laboratory. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves using a CTAB method modified, DNA quantification using spectrophotometer, DNA qualification using agarose gel electrophoresis and amplified the trnL intron using primer c (5`CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG-3`) dan d (5`-GGGG ATAGAGGGACTTGAAC-3`). The trnL intron was sequenced and analyzed using ABI sequencer scanner v.10. The trnL intron sequence was compared with Genbank, then aligned using ClustalW (bioedit). The results of trnL intron alignment was analyzed using MEGA 5.03, then phylogenetic tree constructed using Kimura-2-Parameter model and 3 method, Neighbor-joining, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony by 1000 bootstrap resembling. This study confirms that area along Tumpang to Senduro is one of the critical habitats for D. imbricatus . Population of Jamuju were distributed on near the Ngadas Village and near the Ranu Pani Village with adult trees density calculated about 7 individual/km2. In Ngadas, two adult trees (2,2 % of the total jamuju) was found, while in Ranu Pani there was 90 individual of jamuju (97,8 % of the total jamuju) was found. In Ranu Pani totally jamuju consist of 17 adult trees and 73 seedlings. The sub popualtion 1 and sub population 6 area in Ranu Pani were having the highest number of seedlings, consist of 45 individual (61,6 % of the total seedlings) and 20 individual (27,4 % of the total seedlings). This sites also has highest density of seedlings, consist of 103 individual/ha and 56 individual/ha. The jamuju spread in secondary forest, elfin forest and agricultural land area at altitude 1.786-2.035 m above sea level. The seedlings were found in natural forests with shady soils, wet climate and high humidity. The trnL intron sequences of all samples are identical. There are two possibilities of such phenomena. The intron trnL was unable to detect genetic variation of jamuju in population level. Information of spatial distribution and genetic variation of jamuju plays a key role in jamuju conservation strategies. The sub population 1 and sub population 6 area must be given priority to in situ conservation because it was provides potential Jamuju germplasm resource for future species conservation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/585.3/RAH/d/041301378 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) > 585.3 Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae (plum-yew family) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Apr 2013 13:25 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Apr 2013 13:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157830 |
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