Sugiono (2013) Optimasi Ekstraksi Dengan Metode Permukaan Respon Dan Karakterisasi Fucoidan Dari Alga Coklat Sargassum polycystum. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Fukoidan merupakan polisakarida yang terdapat pada matrix dinding sel dari alga coklat, tersusun dari L-fucose dan sulfat dalam jumlah kecil galaktosa, xylose, glukosa dan mannose. Fukoidan mempunyai aktivitas biologi beraneka ragam yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh terutama sebagai antitumor dan antikanker. Fukoidan dapat diekstrak dari alga coklat Sargassum polycystum. Ekstraksi fukoidan dari alga coklat secara umum dilakukan ekstraksi bertahap dengan air panas, larutan asam dan ditambahkan CaCl2, tiap tahap perlu waktu yang lama dan didapatkan kadar fukosa rendah. Kombinasi ekstraksi degradasi ultrasonic dan optimasi ekstraksi satu tahap dengan metode permukaan respon dapat meningkatkan rendemen dan kadar fukosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi ekstraksi optimal dan melakukan karakterisasi fukoidan Sargassum polycystum Ekstraksi fukoidan secara umum, sargassum polycystum dihaluskan dengan gilingan kopi 100 watts diayak denga sieve 500 μm dan pra perlakuan dengan MeOH-CHCl3-H2O (4:2:1) pada suhu ruang. Serbuk Sargassum polycystum pretreatmen dilarutkan dalam larutan 0,03 M HCl rasio 1:20 (b/v) didegradasi dengan gelombang ultrasonik (amplitude 80%, 15 menit). Dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi secara pemanasan waterbath suhu 70-90oC dan waktu ekstraksi 3-5 jam, setelah diekstrak filtrat disaring. Supernatant ditambahkan 1 M CaCl2 (w/v) dibiarkan semalam suhu 4oC untuk mengendapkan alginat, kemudian disaring. Supernatan ditambahkan 3 volume etanol 96% disimpan 8 jam suhu 4oC untuk mengendapkan fukoidan, fukoidan yang mengendap diambil dengan disentrifugasi (kecepatan 10.600 g, 15 menit suhu 4oC), pellet dipindahkan ke cawan petri dan dikeringkan suhu 50°C, dihaluskan dan disimpan untuk dianalisa lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian didapatkan semua faktor ekstraksi berpengaruh nyata tehadap rendemen, kadar fukosa, kadar total karbohidrat dan kadar sulfat. Suhu dan waktu ekstraksi berpengaruh positif terhadap rendemen, kadar fukosa dan kadar total karbohidrat, tetapi berpengaruh negatif terhadap kadar sulfat. Kondisi ekstraksi optimal terjadi pada suhu 81,0oC dan waktu 4,04 jam. Pada titik optimal ekstraksi didapatkan rendemen fukoidan 7,15±5,58%, kadar fukosa 131,15±1,92 mg/g, kadar total karbohidrat 396,8±65,58 mg/g dan kadar sulfat 94,67±1,37 mg/g. Karakterisasi fukoidan berdasar spektrum infra merah dan HPLC didapatkan fukoidan Sargassum polycystum tersusun dari fukosa, galaktosa, rhamnosa, xylosa, glukosa, mannosa dan sulfat.
English Abstract
Fucoidan a cell-wall matrix polysaccharide in brown seaweed, is composed of L-fucose and sulfate including minor amounts of galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. Fucoidan exert various biological activities as an mainly antitumor and anticancer. Fucoidan can be extracted from Sargassum polycystum. General extraction of fucoidan from brown seaweed species used multiple-step, hot acid, or CaCl2 treatments, each step lasting several hours and resulted lower fucose contents. Combination extraction ultrasonic degradation and optimization single-step extraction by using response surface methodology can be increased yield and fucose contents. The aim this research is getting the optimum conditions extraction and characterization of fucoidan. General extraction process Sargassum polycystum was ground by milling using an OBH Nordica Coffee Mill 100 watts to pass through a 500-μm sieve and pretreated with a MeOH-CHCl3-H2O (4:2:1) mixture at room temperature. Pretreated Sargassum polycystum were diluted with solution 0,03 M HCl (ratio 1:20 w/v) degradated ultrasonic (amplitude 80%, 15 minute). Subsequently, extracted in waterbath shaker at temperature 70-90oC and time extraction 3-5 h. After extraction, the suspensions were filtrated through nylon fiber to separate the residual alga. Then 1 M (w/v) CaCl2 solution was added to the liquid fraction and the mixture was maintained overnight at 4 °C for alginate removal, and then separated by filtration. Three volume of ethanol absolute was added to the precipitate and the mixture was stored at 4 °C for 8 h. Ethanol-precipitated fucoidan was recovered by centrifugation (10.600 g, 15 min, 4 °C). The pellet was collected and transferred to petri disk and dried at 50 ºC, milled and stored for further analyses. Result this reseacrh all extraction factors had significant effects on fucoidan yield, fucose contents, total carbohydrate and sulfate contents. The temperature and time exerting positive effects on fucoidan yield, fucose contents and total carbohydrate, but having a negative effect on sulfat contents. The optimum conditions were extracting temperature 81oC, extracting time 4,04 h. Under this condition, the experimental yield of curde fucoidan 7,15±5,58%, fucose contents 131,15±1,92 mg/g, total carbohydrate 396,8±65,58 mg/g and sulfate contents 94,67±1,37 mg/g. Based on the characterization result of fucoidan by fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, we foundthat fucoidan Sargassum polycystum is composed fucose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, mannose and sulfate.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/579.888/SUG/o/041310965 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 579 Natural history of microorganisms, fungi, algae > 579.8 Algae / Algae culture / Microalgae--Cultures and culture media |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 13 May 2014 13:28 |
| Last Modified: | 13 May 2014 13:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157759 |
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