Abidin, Zainal (2013) Efek Blok Refugia terhadap Pola Kunjungan Harian Polinator di Sekitar Kebun Apel Desa Bumiaji Kota Batu. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman apel ( Malus sylvestris Mill.) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman yang tidak dapat melakukan penyerbukan sendiri. Bunga apel bergantung pada serangga polinator. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) menganalisis perbedaan komposisi dan struktur komunitas serangga polinator yang berkunjung pada pohon apel dan blok refugia di Desa Bumiaji Kota Batu, 2) menganalisis perbedaan pola variasi harian dan musiman serangga polinator terhadap pohon apel dan blok refugia di Desa Bumiaji Kota Batu, 3) menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap kunjungan serangga polinator pada pohon apel dan blok refugia di Desa Bumiaji Kota Batu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan apel desa Bumiaji Kota Batu, sedangkan proses identifikasi serangga polinator di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Diversitas Hewan Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Brawijaya. Pengamatan serangga polinator pada tanaman apel dan blok refugia dilakukan secara visual atau langsung meliputi diversitas serangga polinator, struktur komunitas serangga polinator, dan faktor abiotik. Pengamatan dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2012. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di setiap lokasi pohon apel dari pukul 07.00-08.00, 09.00-10.00, 12.00-13.00, dan 15.00-16.00. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 15 menit setiap periode. Analisis serangga yang berpotensi sebagai polinator bunga apel didapatkan dari Nilai Indeks Penting (INP) ( Shannon-Wiener ). Variasi harian dan musiman dilakukan dengan membandingkan musim bunga dengan musim buah. Kelimpahan dan diversitas serangga polinator dan korelasinya dengan faktor fisik dianalisis secara multivariate. Uji ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan program, SPSS® versi 14.00 for Windows dan PAST. Serangga polinator dari apel dikoleksi pada musim bunga lebih tinggi yakni (234 individu yang terdiri 4 ordo dan 14 famili) daripada musim buah (169 individu yang terdiri 4 ordo dan 13 famili). Keanekaragaman serangga terbanyak pada pengamatan bunga apel diduduki oleh famili Apidae 80 individu, sedangkan ada pengamatan buah apel keanekaragaman serangga terbanyak diduduki oleh famili Formicidae 71 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga polinator pada musim bunga lebih tinggi (2,06) dibandingkan pada musim buah (1,87). Kelimpahan serangga polinator antara musim bunga dan musim buah, berbeda nyata dengan nilai signifikasi 0,05. Nilai similaritas antara musim bunga dan musim buah menggunakan indek Bray-Curtis yakni 0,93%. Struktur komunitas serangga polinator pada perkebunan apel didominasi dari genus Apis mellifera (43,62) dan Sphecidae (23,54), sedangkan pada musim buah didominasi dari genus Formicidae (54,51) dan Muscidae (31,43). Analisis faktor lingkungan meliputi dari temperatur, kelembapan dan intensitas cahaya terhadap kelimpahan serangga polinator didapatkan nilai korelasi yang positif dengan nilai R-square yakni 66,4%.
English Abstract
Pollination is an ecological process that provides important services to human. Pollination service in agroecosytems depends on several factors, including the land management systems used by farmers. Apple flower depend on pollinator insects. This study aims to: 1) analyze the differences in composition and community structure of pollinator insects visiting the apple tree and refuge block in Bumiaji Village, Batu 2) analyze the differences in daily and seasonal variations patterns of pollinator insects to apple trees and refuge block in Bumiaji Village, Batu 3) analyze the influence of environmental factors on pollinator insects`s visit of the apple tree and refuge block in the village of Batu Bumiaji. The research was conducted in the apple plantation at Bumiaji Village, Batu, and the identification process of pollinator insects was in Laboratory of Ecology and Animal Diversity, Department of Biology, Brawijaya University. Observations on pollinator insects of apples and refuge block were done visually or directly include the diversity of pollinator insects, pollinator insect community structure and abiotic factors. Observations were carried out from June to December 2012. Sampling was performed at each location of the apple tree at 07.00-08.00, 09.00-10.00, 12.00-13.00, and 15.00-16.00. Observations were made for 15 minutes on each period. Analysis of the potential pollinator insects for apple blossoms was obtained from Important Value Index (IVI) ( Shannon-Wiener ). Daily and seasonal variations were done by comparing the flower season with the fruit season. Abundance and diversity of pollinator insects and their correlation with physical factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis. This test was performed by using SPSS ® for Windows version 14.00 and PAST. Pollinator insects of apples collected in the spring were higher (234 individuals comprising 4 orders and 14 families) than fruit season (169 individuals comprising 4 orders and 13 families). The largest insects diversity on apple blossoms observation was occupied by Apidae family 80 individuals, while on apple fruits was occupied by Formicidae family 71 individuals. Diversity index values of pollinator insects in the spring was higher (2.06) than in the fruit season (1,87). Pollinator insect abundance between spring and fruits season, were significantly different with value 0.05. Value of similarity between the spring and the fruits season using Bray-Curtis index is 0.93%. Community structure of pollinator insects in apple plantations was dominated by genus Apis mellifera (43.62) and Sphecidae (23.54), while in the fruit season was dominated by genus Formicidae (54.51) and Muscidae (31.43). There were is analysis of environmental factors include temperature, humidity and light intensity on the abundance of pollinator insects found a positive correlation with the R-square value of 66.4%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/571.864 2ABI/e/041307531 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 571 Physiology and related subjects > 571.8 Reproduction, development, growth |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2014 13:09 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Feb 2014 13:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157650 |
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