Krisbiantoro, Agus (2011) Analisis Ejeksi dan Dispersi Awan Debu Vulkanik Gunung Semeru Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Identifikasi aktivitas suatu gunungapi merupakan hal yang mutlak untuk dilakukan dalam rangka mengetahui karakteristik gunungapi. Pemahaman tentang karakteristik tersebut merupakan investasi dan tindakan aktif yang diperlukan sebagai upaya penanggulangan dan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana atau bahaya yang diakibatkan. Gunung Semeru menarik untuk dilakukan identifikasi karakteristik atau perilaku aktivitasnya, karena sebagai salah satu gunungapi teraktif di Indonesia. Salah satu aktivitas yang ditunjukkan oleh Gunung Semeru adalah terjadinya letusan secara periodik yang menghasilkan awan debu vulkanik. Perhatian utama mitigasi bencana dan ancaman Gunung Semeru selama ini antara lain bencana aliran lava pijar, aliran awan panas dan lahar dingin yang berupa banjir yang membawa material vulkanik. Sedangkan bahaya dan ancaman yang ditimbulkan oleh awan debu vulkanik belum menjadi bagian dalam mitigasi. Demikian pula penelitian atau riset – riset yang dilakukan khususnya terkait dengan kebencanaan Gunung Semeru terkonsentrasi di wilayah daratan belum mencakup wilayah atmosfer. Kondisi tersebut menjadi perhatian utama dalam penelitian ini, khususnya kebencanaan yang ada diatmosfer yang diakibatkan oleh aktivitas Gunung Semeru. Awan debu vulkanik merupakan material debu vulkanik yang diejeksikan ke atmosfer menyerupai bentuk kolom jamur/cendawan membumbung vertikal yang dapat diamati secara visual, kemudian terdispersi mengikuti arah angin. Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh awan debu vulkanik bisa secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap kehidupan manusia. Material debu vulkanik merupakan materil pyroclastic berukuran antara 0,3 sampai 30 mikron, apabila terdispersi dan terhirup oleh manusia maka akan menyebabkan gangguan pada saluran pernafasan dan bisa menyebabkan iritasi serta dapat pula berdampak pada lingkungan. Untuk menganalisis karakteristik awan debu vulkanik Gunung Semeru digunakan teknologi remote sensing. Teknologi remote sening sebagai teknologi pengukuran jarak jauh yang mempunyai kapasitas keruangan atau spatial yang cukup luas dan kapasitas temporal yang mampu merekam secara periodik dinamika awan debu vulkanik di atmosfer. Dalam menunjang hasil analisis karateristik awan debu vulkanik Gunung Semeru tersebut, dilakukan simulasi dispersi pada kejadian atau event erupsi. Selain itu pula dilakukan survey lapangan untuk mengetahui secara real time kejadian ejeksi erupsi sampai terjadinya dispersi awan debu vulkanik. Akusisi data pengindearaan jauh menggunakan citra satelit Landsat, Citra Spot, Citra MODIS dan data satalit CALIPSO. Akusisi data simulasi dan survey lapangan meliputi : waktu terjadinya erupsi ejeksi awan debu vulkanik, durasi, warna awan debu vulkanik, arah, dan tipe dispersi. Hasil pengolahan dan analisis data citra satelit dan simulasi serta pengamatan lapangan, didapatkan karakteristik dispersi awan debu vulkanik Gunung Semeru adalah terdispersi ke arah Barat ( West ), Barat Barat Daya ( West-South-West ) dan Selatan ( South ) dengan radius antara 30 Km sampai 50 Km dari Gunung Semeru pada ketinggian antara 3500 m sampai dengan 6000 m atau 11.000 feet sampai dengan 25.000 feet dari permukaan laut. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan wilayah Kota Malang dan Kabupaten Malang terdampak debu vulkanik dengan intensitaf lebih tinggi daripada wilayah Kabupaten Lumajang, Kabupaten Pasuran dan Kabupaten Probolinggo.
English Abstract
Investigation and identification of the activity of a volcano is an absolute must to do in order to know the characteristics of the volcano. An understanding of these characteristics is an investment and active measures are needed continuously implemented as the response and preparedness against disasters or hazards caused by volcanic activity. Disasters caused by volcanoes consists of primary and secondary disaster disaster which threatens not only the source of life and human life. A territorial or spatial disaster might impact on the local area around the volcano, regional and may include a wider area. Mount Semeru as one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, attracted to the identification and investigation in an attempt to understand the characteristics or behavioral activity. These characteristics can be understood through various approaches such the physical deformation, geochemical, geophysical and other approaches. By understanding the characteristics of Mount Semeru is the disaster preparedness and vigilance will be generated will be better. Disasters and the threat posed by Mount Semeru is a major concern during a disaster include lava flows, pyroclastic flows and lava flood, the threat of such activity until now are the main ones in the disaster mitigation process of Mount Semeru, as well as research or especially research conducted related to the disaster of Mount Semeru has been concentrated on the existing disaster on surface. These conditions make the interest and concern to make this study important to do the research on existing atmosphere disaster caused by the activity of Mount Semeru. Volcanic Ash Clouds of Mount Semeru volcano is part of the activity that occurs as a series of almost periodic eruptions of Mount Semeru activity. Volcanic ash Clouds is a material that ejection volcanic ash into the atmosphere resembles the shape of the column mold / fungus soaring vertical can be observed visually, then follow the direction of the wind dispersed. Impact of volcanic ash clouds can be directly or indirectly to human life, given the volcanic ash material is micron-sized material, if dispersed and inhaled by humans, will cause a disruption in the respiratory tract and can cause irritation and can also impact the other an Environmental. In order to know the characteristics of volcanic ash clouds of Mount Semeru, the approach used remote sensing technology. Technology of remote sensing is capable identifying the presence of volcanic dust dispersed in the atmosphere. Technology of remote sensing has a capacity to identify spatial quantity of volcanic dust in the region or spatial diatmosfers reach and remote sensing technology also has a temporal capacity that can periodically record the presence of clouds of volcanic ash the same location in a different time. In supporting the results of the analysis characteristics of volcanic ash clouds of Mount Semeru also conducted a simulation of dispersion in event eruption, where the simulation is able to analyze laterally and vertically from vulcanic ash clouds in the atmosphere. Beside that also conducted a field survey to determine the incidence of ejection in real time until the eruption of volcanic ash cloud dispersion occurs. Remote Sensing data acquisition using Landsat imagery, Spot Image, Image MODIS and data satellite of Calipso. Simulation of data acquisition and field surveys include: the timing of the ejection volcanic ash cloud, the duration of ejection, the color of volcanic ash clouds, direction ash clouds, and type of dispersion. From the results of data processing and analysis of satellite imagery and simulation as well as field observations, obtained the dispersion of volcanic ash cloud is dispersed to the West, Southwest and South West with a radius between 30 Km and 50 km from Mount Semeru at an altitude between 3500 m to 6000 m or 11,000 feet up to 25,000 feet above sea level. So with these conditions then the region most often affected is the region of Malang city and Malang Regency, Lumajang Regency and surrounding areas are rarely affected by the volcanic dust cloud.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/552.23/KRI/a/041105289 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 552 Petrology > 552.2 Volcanic rocks |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Matematika, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endro Setyobudi |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Feb 2012 11:41 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2012 11:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/157635 |
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