Sumekar, Destiana Ayu Dyah (2015) Optimasi Kadar Protein Dan Energi Beras Analog Yang Terbuat Dari Tepung Ganyong, Tepung Kedelai Dan Tapioka Dengan Response Surface Methodology. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ketergantungan pangan pokok berupa beras bagi sebagian besar masyarakat di Indonesia seringkali memunculkan masalah kerawanan pangan. Penyebabnya jumlah penduduk yang semakin bertambah tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan jumlah produksi beras. Oleh sebab itu, guna memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan energi, maka pencarian sumber-sumber pangan alternatif harus terus ditingkatkan. Upaya ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan umbi-umbian yang potensial namun belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal, salah satunya adalah ganyong (Pangesthi, 2009). Penggunaan umbi ganyong untuk pembuatan beras analog perlu diperkaya dengan sumber protein dan energi karena umbi ganyong kekurangan kedua jenis komponen tersebut. Biji kacang-kacangan menjadi sumber protein yang baik. Kacang kedelai baik digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dari beras tiruan yang dihasilkan. Bahan pengikat yang digunakan dalam pembuatan beras analog adalah tapioka. Komposisi zat gizi tapioka cukup baik. Kadar pati tapioka yang tinggi dan suhu gelatinisasi yang rendah merupakan keunggulan tapioka sebagai bahan pengisi. Tapioka sebagai bahan pengisi berfungsi untuk mengikat air, memperbaiki tekstur, memperbaiki kekenyalan dan elastisitas produk (Winarno, 2004). Dalam pembuatan beras analog perlu ditambahkan tapioka agar tekstur beras analog tidak rapuh atau mudah patah. Teknik optimasi merupakan suatu cara yang dilakukan untuk memberikan hasil terbaik yang diinginkan (Anthony, 2012). Dalam pembuatan beras analog diperlukan optimasi kadar protein dan energi untuk mendapatkan proporsi tepung yang optimal. Dalam optimasi beras analog yang diinginkan adalah nilai energi dan kadar protein yang optimal, namun kadar serat tetap rendah. Optimasi menggunakan Box Behnken Design dengan kombinasi tiga faktor. Proporsi tepung ganyong (X1), proporsi tepung kedelai (X2) dan proporsi tapioka (X3) merupakan variabel bebas dan kadar protein serta kadar energi sebagai variabel respon. Penelitian ini menggunakan proporsi tepung ganyong sebesar 130 gram; 140 gram; 150 gram, proporsi tepung kedelai 50 gram ; 60 gram ; 70 gram, dan proporsi tapioka 1 gram ; 2 gram; 3 gram, dengan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik proporsi tepung ganyong 130 gram, proporsi tepung kedelai 70 gram, dan proporsi tapioka 2,43 gram. Krakteristik beras analog yang dihasilkan adalah kadar protein 14,88%, kadar lemak 11,73%, kadar air 7%, kadar abu 2,81%, kadar karbohidrat 61,34%, serat kasar 2,24%, dan energi 410,49 kkal.
English Abstract
Dependence of main food such as rice for mostly population in Indonesia often causing food insecurity problem. It is caused by the growing number of people are not followed by an increase number of rice production. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of food and energy, then the search for alternative food sources should be improved. This work is done by utilizing tubers that is not being used optimally, one of them is canna. Canna bulbs use for artificial rice needs to be enriched with protein and energy source because the canna bulbs shortage of both types of components. Seeds of legumes is a good source of protein. Soybeans are well used to increase the protein content of rice artificially. Binder used in process of making artificial rice is tapioca. Nutrient composition of tapioca is pretty good. Tapioca starch gelatinization high and low temperatures are hallmarks tapioca as a filler. Tapioca as a filler material serves to bind water, improve texture, improve suppleness and elasticity of the product (Winarno, 2004). In the making of artificial rice, tapioca should be added so that the texture of the rice is not analog fragile or easily broken. Optimization technique is a method to give the best results desired (Anthony, 2012). In the making of artificial rice protein content and energy optimization to get the optimal proportion of flour. In the artificial rice desired optimization is the value of energy and protein levels are optimal, but the levels remain low in fiber. Optimization using Box Benhken Design with a combination of three factors. Proportion of canna flour (X1), the proportion of soy flour (X2) and the proportion of tapioca (X3) is the independent variable and protein levels as well as energy levels as the response variable. This research uses proportion of canna flour 130 grams; 140 grams; 150 grams, the proportion of soy flour 50 grams; 60 grams; 70 grams, and the proportion of tapioca 1 gram; 2 grams; 3 grams, with the best treatment combination proportion of canna flour 130 grams, the proportion of soy flour 70 grams and tapioca proportion 2.43 grams. The characteristics of the resulting artificial rice was 14.88% protein content, fat content 11.73%, 7% water content, ash content 2.81%, 61.34% carbohydrate content, crude fiber 2.24%, and energy 410, 49 kcal.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2015/522/051508811 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Dec 2015 14:39 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Mar 2022 04:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/150451 |
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