Soegiarto, MariaIka Putri (2015) Identifikasi Komposisi Dan Kandungan Pigmen Karotenoid Dominan Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Varietas Lokal Dan Unggul Serta Potensinya Sebagai Pangan Fungsional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Diversifikasi pangan perlu dilakukan mengingat permintaan beras terus meningkat seiring pertambahan penduduk di Indonesia. Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) merupakan salah satu pangan lokal fungsional yang dapat dijadikan substitusi pangan pokok. Hal ini disebabkan produksinya yang tinggi yaitu 69,87 juta ton pada tahun 2014 dan kandungan pigmen karotenoidnya yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan dan pro-vitamin A. Pengolahan ubi jalar selama ini mayoritas melalui proses pengukusan terutama untuk aplikasi pembuatan produk seperti mie, tape, dan beras tiruan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kandungan pigmen karotenoid dominan serta pengaruh pengukusan terhadap kadar air, warna, pola spektra, komposisi dan kandungan pigmen karotenoid dominan serta manfaat fungsional (antioksidan dan pro-vitamin A) ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) varietas lokal (Madu Mojokerto, Manohara, ungu lokal) dan unggul (Beta 1, Papua Solossa, Antin 3). Identifikasi komposisi dan kandungan pigmen karotenoid dominan dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Pengaruh pengukusan dianalisa dengan keragaman ANOVA dengan Rancangan Pola Tersarang (Nested Design) 3 faktor yaitu varietas ubi jalar (lokal dan unggul), warna ubi jalar (oranye, kuning, dan ungu), dan perlakuan (sebelum pengukusan dan setelah pengukusan). Apabila terdapat beda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNT dengan taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pigmen karotenoid dominan ubi jalar lokal dan unggul adalah trans-β-karoten, neokrom, β-kriptosantin-5’,8’-epoksida, β-karoten-5,6-epoksida, golongan karotenoid polar, dan non polar dengan kandungan yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap ubi jalar. Kandungan trans-β-karoten tertinggi terdapat pada ubi jalar oranye Beta 1 (63,93%). Ubi jalar ungu lokal dan Antin 3 tidak mengandung trans-β-karoten. Perbedaan warna ubi jalar memberikan pengaruh nyata (α=0,05) terhadap kadar air, warna, total karotenoid, dan pro-vitamin A. Perlakuan pengukusan juga memberikan pengaruh nyata (α=0,05) terhadap warna, total karotenoid, pro-vitamin A, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa ubi jalar oranye Beta 1 memiliki pro-vitamin A tertinggi dibandingkan ubi jalar lain dan ubi jalar ungu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ubi jalar oranye dan kuning.
English Abstract
Food diversification is required because the demand for rice continues to increase in line with the growing population in Indonesia. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the local functional food that serves as a substitute to staple food. This is attributed to its high production yield of 69.87 million tons in 2014 and its carotenoid content that serves as an antioxidant as well as a source of pro- vitamin A. The majority of sweet potato processing involves steaming, especially in the making of some products such as noodles, tapé (sweet cake made of slightly fermented rice or tubers), and artificial rice. The aim of this research were to find out the composition and the content of the main carotenoids and the effects of steaming on the water content, color, spectral pattern, composition and content of the main carotenoids as well as the functional benefits (an antioxidant and a source of pro-vitamin A) of local (Madu Mojokerto, Manohara, and purple fleshed) and quality (Beta 1, Papua Solossa, Antin 3) sweet potatoes. Composition and content of the main carotenoids analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the results were described. The effects of steaming was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with 3- factor Nested Design between the type (local and quality), the color (orange, yellow, and purple) and the processing (before and after steaming) of the sweet potatoes. If there was a significant difference, further examination using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with real percentage error of 5% was conducted. The results showed that main carotenoids in local and quality sweet potatoes were trans-β-carotene, neochrome, β-cryptoxanthin-5’,8’-epoxide, β- carotene-5,6-epoxide as well as groups of polar and non-polar carotenoids with different contents for every sweet potato. The highest trans-β-carotene content found on orange fleshed sweet potatoes cultivar Beta 1 (63.93%). In contrast, local purple fleshed sweet potatoes and Antin 3 did not contain any trans-β-carotene. Steaming significantly affected (α=0.05) the color, total carotenoid, and pro-vitamin A contents as well as antioxidant activity. Orange fleshed sweet potato cultivar Beta 1 contained the highest pro-vitamin A as compared to other sweet potatoes; and purple fleshed sweet potatoes had higher antioxidant activity than orange and yellow sweet potatoes
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2015/486/051508775 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Antioksidan, KCKT, Identifikasi, Karotenoid, Pro-vitamin A, Ubi Jalar,-Antioxidant, Carotenoid, HPLC, Identification, Pro-vitamin A, Sweet Potato |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2016 14:46 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2021 02:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/150410 |
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