Dewi, Lionny Candra (2014) Penanganan Pasca Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis jacq) (Kajian Penyemprotan Dengan Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat Terhadap Mutu Crude Palm Oil (CPO)). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan komoditi yang ketersediaannya sangat banyak.Tahun 2011 luas areal kelapa sawit mencapai 8,91 juta ha, dengan rincian luas areal Perkebunan Besar Swasta sebesar 4,65 juta ha (52,22%), luas areal Perkebunan Rakyat sebesar 3,62 juta ha (40,64%) dan luas areal Perkebunan Besar Negara sebesar 0.64 juta ha (7,15%). Kelapa sawit merupakan bahan baku dalam pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Kualitas minyak kelapa sawit atau CPO dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu : kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB), kadar air, dan kadar kotoran. Kelapa sawit pada saat pasca panen mengalami penurunan kadar trigliserida sebagai akibat dari proses hidrolisa lemak oleh enzim lipase menjadi gliserol dan ALB. Pada saat menunggu proses pengolahan menjadi CPO, kandungan minyak pada buah sawit mengalami penurunan rendemen yang signifikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat serta interaksi antara kedua bahan tersebut terhadap mutu Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi Natrium Benzoat (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, dan 3000 ppm) dan konsentrasi Kalium Sorbat (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 dan ppm). Didapatkan 9 kombinasi perlakuan, yang masing-masing dilakukan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis ragam (Analysis of variant atau ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT atau DMRT dengan selang kepercayaan 5 %. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kadar ALB, kadar air, kadar kotoran, berat jenis, dan rendemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan Natrium Benzoat yang disemprotkan ke buah kelapa sawit selepas panen berpengaruh nyata (α = 0.05 ) terhadap nilai kadar ALB, kadar air, dan kadar kotoran. Perlakuan Kalium Sorbat berpengaruh nyata (α = 0.05 ) terhadap kadar ALB, dan kadar kotoran, serta tidak ada interaksi antara kedua bahan tersebut. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat maka penghambatan proses hidrolisa lemak semakin tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm (Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat) kadar ALB pada jam ke-16, 20, 24 secara berurutan adalah 0.9719%, 0.9623%, 0.9702%. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 3000 ppm (Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat) pada jam ke-16, 20, 24 secara berurutan adalah 0.5305%, 0.5138%, 0.6674%. Penghambatan kadar ALB tertinggi terdapat pada penambahan konsentrasi 3000 ppm (Natrium Benzoat dan Kalium Sorbat).
English Abstract
Oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) is a commodity that the availability is very abundant. In 2011 acreage of oil palm reached 8.91 million hectares, with details of estate plantations acreage of 4.65 million hectares ( 52.22 % ) , the total smallholder area amounted to 3.62 million ha ( 40.64 % ) and the total area of the State Plantations is 0.64 million ha ( 7.15% ). Palm oil is a raw material in the processing of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The quality of crude palm oil (CPO) is influenced by several factors , namely : the levels of Free Fatty Acid (FFA), moisture content, and levels of impurities. At the time of post-harvest, palm oil decreased triglyceride levels as a result of the fat hydrolysis process by lipase enzyme into glycerol and FFA. At the time of waiting for processing into crude palm oil, the palm oil content in the fruit yield decreased significantly. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium sorbate as well as the interaction between the two materials on the quality of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The research method used in this study was a randomized block design (RBD) with using two factors: the concentration of Natrium Benzoate (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 3000 ppm) and Potassium Sorbate (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 3000 ppm). Obtained 9 treatment combinations, each of which carried 3 times replications. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (Analysis of variant or ANOVA) followed by further test LSD or DMRT at 5 % significant level. The parameters observed are the levels of FFA , moisture, dirt content, density, and yield. The results showed that the concentration of Natrium Benzoate solution is sprayed into the palm fruit after harvest significantly influenced (α = 0.05) to the value of FFA content , water content , and levels of impurities. The Potassium Sorbate treatment significantly influenced( α = 0.05) on FFA levels , and levels of impurities. However, the interaction of both treatments did not significantly affect the parameters of FFA content, water content, impurities level , yield and density. The higher the concentration of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate solution, the inhibition of fat hydrolysis process will be higher too. The research result show that in concentration of 1000 ppm (Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate), the FFA level in hour 16th, 20th, and 24th each are 0.9719%, 0.9623%, 0.9702%. Whereas, in concentration of 3000 ppm (Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate) in hour 16th, 20th, and 24th each are 0.5305%, 0.5138%, 0.6674%. The highest FFA level inhibition exist in addition of 3000 ppm (Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2014/99/051402079 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Mar 2014 14:05 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Mar 2022 09:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/149978 |
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