Magdalena, Novi Vensia (2014) Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Daun Gambir (Uncaria gambir var Cubadak) Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction terhadap Bakteri Patogen (Kajian Daya Microwave dan Rasio Bahan:Pelarut). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gambir (Uncaria gambir) merupakan tanaman perdu dari famili Rubiaceae (kopi-kopian) yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi karena mengandung asam kateku tannat (tanin), katekin, pirokatekol, florisin, lilin dan fixed oil. Varietas Cubadak adalah varietas yang paling banyak ditanam dan memiliki kadar polifenol yang tinggi. Komponen fenolik terbanyak pada daun gambir ialah katekin dan tanin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Adanya aktivitas antibakteri diharapkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen penyebab kerusakan bahan pangan, seperti Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 dan Bacillus cereus. Penggunaan metode ekstraksi yang tepat diperlukan agar mendapatkan ekstrak daun gambir dengan konsentrasi senyawa fenolik yang tinggi. Metode ekstraksi MAE (Microwave-Assisted Extraction) dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi perusakan sel. Penggunaan metode MAE diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi ekstraksi daun gambir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya microwave dan rasio bahan:pelarut (b/v) terhadap rendemen ekstrak kasar, total fenol dan aktivitas antibakteri daun gambir Cubadak serta mengetahui KHM (Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum) dan KBM (Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum) hasil perlakuan terbaik pada bakteri uji. Digunakan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 level dalam penelitian ini. Faktor I adalah daya microwave (320, 560 dan 800 Watt) dan Faktor II adalah rasio bahan:pelarut (1:25, 1;35 dan 1:45 (b/v)). Analisa data dilakukan dengan metode Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan atau pengaruh pada tiap perlakuan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT atau DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan daya microwave (320, 560 dan 800 Watt) dan rasio bahan:pelarut (1:25, 1:35 dan 1:45 (b/v)) memberikan interaksi yang nyata (α=5%) terhadap rendemen ekstrak kasar, total fenol dan aktivitas antibakteri (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 dan Bacillus cereus). Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan daya microwave 560 Watt dan rasio bahan:pelarut 1:35 (b/v) dengan hasil rendemen 63,285%, total fenol 5581,581 ppm, aktivitas antibakteri (diameter hambat) terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 12,07 mm, Salmonella typhimurium 12,57 mm, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 13,99 mm dan Bacillus cereus 14,38 mm. Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak kasar daun gambir Cubadak hasil perlakuan terbaik untuk Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 100%, Salmonella typhimurium 90%, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 29213 90% dan Bacillus cereus 80%. Sedangkan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) belum dapat diketahui.
English Abstract
Gambier (Uncaria gambir) is a shrub plant that belongs to Rubiaceae family, which has high-economic value due to contains catechu tannat (tannin) acid, catechin, pyrocatechol, fluoricine, wax and fixed oil. Cubadak variety is the most widely planted and has high levels of polyphenols. Phenolic components in the gambier leaves that are catechins and tannins can be used as antibacterial. It is expected that antibacterial activity could inhibit the bacterial pathogens growth, which could damage the food materials, such as Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 dan Bacillus cereus. use of proper extraction method is required to get gambier leaves extract with high concentration of phenolic compounds. MAE (Microwave- Assisted Extraction) extraction method could improve effectiveness and efficiency of cells damages. The use of MAE method is expected could improve effectiveness and efficiency of gambier leaves extraction. Objectives of this research were to find out the effect of microwave power and material:solvent ratio (w/v) on the yield of the crude extract, total phenol and antibacterial activity of Cubadak gambier leaves, and knew MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) from best treatment in bacteria test. This research applied Randomized Block Design (RBD) by 2 factors and 3 levels. The first factor is microwave power (320, 560 and 800 Watt) and the second factor is material:solvent ratio (1:25, 1:35 and 1:45 (w/v)). Data analysis was done by the method of Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) to determine whether there was a difference or effect on each treatment and followed by LSD or MRT. The results of this research showed that the combination treatment of microwave power (320, 560 and 800 Watt) and material:solvent ratio (1:25, 1:35 and 1:45 (w/v)) give a real interaction (α=5%) to the yield of crude extract, total phenol and antibacterial activity (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Bacillus cereus). The best of the combination treatment was obtained from microwave power 560 Watt and material;solvent ratio 1:35 (w/v) with the result of yield 63,285%, total phenol 5581,581 ppm, antibacterial activity (inhibition diameter) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 12,07 mm, Salmonella typhimurium 12,57 mm, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 13,99 mm and Bacillus cereus 14,38 mm. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Cubadak gambier leaves crude extract from the result of best treatment for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 100%, Salmonella typhimurium 90%, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 29213 90% and Bacillus cereus 80%. While Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) could not be known.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2014/96/051402076 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Mar 2014 13:31 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Mar 2022 09:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/149975 |
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