Setiawan, Dwi (2014) Rancang Bangun dan Aplikasi Pulsed Electric Field Tipe Batch sebagai Pretreatment pada Ekstraksi Total Karoten Juice Wortel. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern, menyebabkan banyak perubahan pola hidup pada manusia. Salah satu perubahan pola hidup terjadi pada pola konsumsi makanan. Sebagian besar masyarakat modern lebih menyukai konsumsi makanan instan dan cepat saji tanpa memperhatikan kecukupan asupan vitamin, mineral, dan nutrisi lainnya. Di antara berbagai macam nutrisi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, salah satu yang paling penting adalah total karoten. Wortel (Daucus carota L.) merupakan sumber utama terbesar penghasil karotenoid (Arscott dan Tanumihardjo, 2010). Total karoten tersebar pada sitoplasma, yang terhalangi dinding sel. Hal ini membuat proses ekstraksi tidak berjalan optimal. Salah satu metode untuk memecahkan dinding sel adalah Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). Teknologi PEF dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil dalam produksi jus buah, untuk mempercepat transfer air selama operasi pengeringan serta meningkatkan ekstraksi senyawa berharga (seperti antioksidan, pewarna atau rasa) dari bagian dalam dari sel (Knorr et al., 2001; Bouzrara et al., 2003; Vorobiev et al., 2006; Donsi et al., 2010), serta untuk pelepasan produksi metabolit sel tanaman (pigmen) (Eshtiaghi & Knorr, 2002; Fincan et al., 2004; Guderjan et al., 2005; Puertolas et al., 2010). Sehingga perlu dilakukan sebuah rancang bangun dan sebuah perlakuan pendahuluan dengan menggunakan PEF untuk mengoptimalkan proses ekstraksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1). Untuk merancang dan membuat Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) sistem batch untuk proses pretreatment, 2). Untuk mengetahui besarnya hasil total karoten setelah mengalami proses pretreatment, 3). Untuk mengetahui besarnya kebutuhan energi masukan spesifik yang diperlukan selama proses perlakuan PEF, dan 4). Untuk mengetahui besar tegangan dan lama waktu yang tepat dalam upaya memperoleh kandungan total karoten wortel yang optimal. Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari 16 sampel dengan menggunakan 5 variasi waktu (10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 detik), dan 3 variasi kuat medan listrik (1,5; 3; 4,5 kV/cm). Volume juice yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 ml. Hasil dari penelitian antara lain telah diciptakan alat PEF sistem batch-coaxial model yang dilengkapi dengan kontrol waktu otomatis, pengatur tegangan input dan frekuensi input. Spesifikasi PEF yang dihasilkan meliputi tegangan output antara 1-21 kV atau kuat medan listrik antara 1,5-5,06 kV/cm; frekuensi antara 1-3 kHz; lebar pulsa 160 μs, energi per pulsa antara 0,01018 – 0,03434 Joule; dan energi masukan spesifik antara 6,1056– 91,5840 kJ/l. Sedangkan hasil ekstraksi total karoten jus wortel setelah mengalami pretreatment berkisar antara 17,83 - 27,98 ppm, sedangkan jus wortel tanpa perlakuan PEF mengandung 17,86 ppm. Ditinjau dari persentase kenaikan total karoten dibandingkan kontrol, maka dengan perlakuan PEF dapat menaikan total karoten sebesar 56,57 %.
English Abstract
The development of more modern era, led to many changes in human lifestyle. One of the lifestyle changes occur in the food consumption. Most of modern society is more like the consumption of fast and instant foods without regard to the adequacy of intake of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Among the wide variety of nutrients needed by the body, one of the most important is the total carotene. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a major source of carotenoids (Arscott and Tanumihardjo, 2010). Total carotene dispersed in the cytoplasm, the cell wall is blocked. This makes the extraction process is not running optimally. One of the method to break the cell wall by using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology. PEF technology can be used to improve results in the production of fruit juice, to accelerate the transfer of water during the drying operation, and to improve the extraction of valuable compounds (such as antioxidants, colorants or flavor) from the inside of the cell (Knorr et al., 2001; Bouzrara et al., 2003; Vorobiev et al., 2006; Donsi et al., 2010), as well as for the release of plant cell metabolite production (pigment) (Eshtiaghi and Knorr, 2002; fincan et al., 2004; Guderjan et al., 2005; Puertolas et al., 2010). So we need a plan to build and use a pre-treatment with PEF to optimize the extraction process. The purpose of this research is 1) To design and make Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) batch system for pretreatment process, 2) To know the results of the total carotenoids after a pretreatment process, 3) To determine the magnitude of the needs of the specific input energy required during PEF treatment process, and 4) To determine the right of length time and voltage, to obtain the optimal total carotene from carrot juice. The study consisted of 16 samples using 5 time variation (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds), and 3 variations of the electric field strength ( 1,5; 3; 4,5 kV/cm ). The volume of juice used in this study was 50 ml. The results of this research, has created a PEF with batch system - coaxial models. This PEF are equipped with automatic time control, regulator input voltage, and frequency. The specifications of PEF include generated output voltage between 1- 21 kV or electric field strength between 1,5 to 5,06 kV / cm; frequencies between 1 to 3,5 kHz; 160 microseconds pulse width, energy per pulse between 0,01018 – 0,03434 Joule, and the specific input energy between 6,1056 to 91,5840 kJ / l. Total carotene extracted from carrot juice after pretreatment ranged from 17,83 to 27,98 ppm, while the carrot juice without PEF treatment containing 17,86 ppm. So when compared with the control and the highest value of total carotene, then the PEF treatment can increase by 56.57 % total carotene.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2014/37/051401313 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Feb 2014 09:53 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 03:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/149774 |
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