Wirawan, Fadil (2018) Pemanfaatan Bahan Organik Lokal Untuk Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah Terdampak Letusan Gunung Kelud Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Material yang dihasilkan dari letusan terakhir Gunung Kelud didominasi oleh fraksi pasir. Material piroklastik berpotensi meningkatkan kesuburan tanah di daerah terdampak letusan. Namun, rendahnya kualitas kimia tanah seperti KTK, Corganik, dan pH tanah menjadi faktor pembatas bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Di sisi lain, banyaknya sumber bahan organik di daerah tersebut akan memberikan perbaikan kualitas kimia tanah di daerah terdampak letusan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi bahan organik, baik dari bahan organik segar dan bahan organik yang telah dikomposkan (Thitonia diversifolia, kotoran sapi, dan campuran kotoran sapi + Thitonia diversifolia) pada sifat kimia tanah dan pengaruhnya terhadap respon pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Kutut, Kecamatan Ngantang, Malang. Rancangan acak kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 2 dosis pupuk an-organik (100 % dan 40 % dari dosis normal yaitu 400 kg Urea/ha, 150 kg SP-36/ha dan 75 kg KCl/ha), dikombinasikan dengan 4 jenis bahan organik (Thitonia diversifolia segar, kompos Thitonia diversifolia, kotoran sapi, dan campuran kotoran sapi + kompos Thitonia diversifolia) yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (100 % pupuk an-organik tanpa bahan organik). Dosis bahan organik yang diaplikasikan sebanyak 20 ton/ha. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali atau secara keseluruhan berjumlah 27 unit. Sampel tanah komposit diambil dari masing-masing plot dan dianalisis sifat kimia tanah tersebut (CEC, % C-organik, dan pH). Pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang) juga diukur setiap dua minggu sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan organik secara nyata mampu mempengaruhi KTK, % C-organik, dan pH tanah. Bahan organik campuran (kotoran sapi + kompos Thitonia diversifolia) cenderung memiliki % C-organik (26,38%), KTK (54,69%), dan pH (1 unit) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (100% dosis pupuk anorganik tanpa bahan organik). Pertumbuhan tanaman dan perbaikan sifat kimia tanah pada perlakuan (40 % pupuk an-organik dengan bahan organik) tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan kontrol (100 % pupuk anorganik tanpa bahan organik). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi bahan organik dapat mengurangi jumlah pemakaian pupuk anorganik. Namun, bahan organik Thitonia diversifolia segar dan kotoran sapi dengan dosis pupuk an-organik 40 % memberikan pengaruh lebih rendah dari perlakuan kontrol (100 % pupuk an-organik tanpa bahan organik) pada jumlah daun tanaman.
English Abstract
Materials produced from the late eruption of Mt. Kelud was dominated by sand fraction. The pyroclastic materials potentially increase soil fertility in the impacted area. However, the chemical properties such as low CEC, % C-organic, and pH might be the limiting factors for plant growth. In other side, there are huge sources of organic matter in the area. Organic matter normally can improve soil chemical properties. Therefore, this research was an attempt to study the impact of organic matter application, as fresh materials as well as composting (Thitonia diversifolia, cow dung, and the mixture cow dung + Thitonia diversifolia) on soil chemical properties and its effect on crop growth. The research was conducted in Kutut Village, Ngantang district, Malang. A randomized block design was used, consisted of 2 rates of anorganic fertilizers (100 % and 40 % from normal dosage, i.e. 400 kg Urea/ha, 150 kg SP-36/ha and 75 kg KCl/ha), in combination with 4 types of organic matters (fresh Thitonia diversifolia, composted Thitonia diversifolia, cow dung, and the mixture cow dung + composted Thitonia diversifolia), which were then compared to control (100 % anorganic fertilizer without organic matter). Organic matter was applied at the rate of 20 ton/ha. Each treatment was repeated 3 times or 27 research units in total. Composite soil samples were taken from each plots, and soil chemical properties (CEC, % Corganic, and pH) were analyzed. Crop growth performances (crop height, number of leaves and diameter of stem) was measured every two weeks. The results showed that organic matter significantly affected CEC, % Corganic, pH. The mixture cow dung + composted Thitonia diversifolia treated sample tend to have higher % C-organic (26,38 %), CEC (54,69 %), and pH (1 unit) than 100 % dosage of anorganic fertilizer without organic matter. There was unsignificant crop growth performances and soil chemical properties between 100 % rate of anorganic fertilizers without organic matter and combination of 40 % anorganic fertilizer with organic matter, indicating that organic matter application may reduce the amount of fertilizer used. However, the fresh Thitonia diversifolia and cow dung with 40 % an-organic fertilizer tend to have lower than the control (100 % anorganic fertilizer without organic matter) on the number of leaves of plants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/472/051809045 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sifat Kimia Tanah Terdampak Letusan Gunung Kelud Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Mar 2019 07:09 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/14015 |
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