Halima, Siti (2018) Potensi Antagonisme Jamur Endofit Pada Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Untuk Menekan Pertumbuhan Jamur Ustilago Scitaminea Penyebab Penyakit Luka Api Pada Tanaman Tebu Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tertinggi di dunia dan potensial dikembangkan di negara beriklim tropis, seperti Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi tebu di Indonesia diharapkan dapat mendorong perekonomian negara dengan penambahan jumlah devisa. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi tebu yaitu penyakit luka api yang diakibatkan oleh patogen Ustilago scitaminea. Patogen tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi hingga gagal panen. Salah satu contoh studi kasus di daerah Sampang, Madura penyakit luka api menyebabkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 60%. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu pengendalian. Pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan biologi ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan agens antagonis berupa jamur endofit. Jamur endofit dalam penelitian ini akan diisolasi dari daun tanaman tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jamur endofit yang efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit luka api. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Sedangkan pengambilan sampel tanaman di lahan tebu milik PG. Kebon Agung, di Desa Sempalwadak, Kecamatan Bululawang, Kabupaten Malang dan pengambilan sampel patogen luka api di lahan tebu milik Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia (P3GI), Pasuruan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari hingga Juni 2018. Isolat jamur endofit yang diperoleh akan dilakukan pengujian antagonis terhadap patogen penyebab luka api. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan melihat potensi antagonis jamur endofit terhadap patogen dengan nilai hambatan lebih dari 50% dilakukan 3 ulangan dan perlakuan kontrol yaitu menggunakan akuades steril. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi diperoleh 7 isolat jamur endofit antara lain isolat ET 1 (Aspergillus sp.), isolat ET 2 (Penicillium sp.), isolat ET 3(Aspergillus sp.1), isolat ET 4 (Trichoderma sp.), isolat ET 5 (Fusarium sp.), isolat ET 6 (Penicillium sp. 1), dan yang tidak teridentifikasi yaitu isolat ET 7. Jamur endofit yang memiliki daya hambat paling tinggi terhadap jamur patogen U. scitaminea yaitu jamur Trichoderma sp dengan kemampuan daya hambat sebesar 72,22% diikuti isolat jamur Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp.1 dengan daya hambat masingmasing sebesar 52,94% dan 61,91%. Ketiganya menghambat melalui mekanisme antagonis ditandai dengan adanya kompetisi ruang
English Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the goods that have the highest value in the global economy and the potential for development in tropical countries like Indonesia. The rise in sugarcane production in Indonesia should boost the country's economy by increasing foreign exchange trading. One of the obstacles in the production of sugar cane is the fire disease caused by the pathogen Ustilago scitaminea. The pathogen can cause a decline in production until crop failure. An example of a case study in the Sampang, Madura region, a burn injury caused a loss of 60%. Therefore, a check is needed. Control that can be carried out by an environmentally friendly biological approach using antagonistic agents in the form of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi in this study are isolated from sugar cane leaves. This study aims to obtain endophytic fungi that are effective in combating smut damage. This research was carried out in the Plant Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The sampling of plants in the sugarcane area belongs to PG. Kebon Agung, in the village of Sempalwadak, Bululawang subdistrict, Malang and sampling pathogens cane messes on the property of the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI), Pasuruan. The study was conducted from February to June 2018. The resulting endophytic fungal isolates are antagonistically tested for pathogens causing burn injuries. This study uses a fully randomized design (CRD) with the potential of endophytic fungi to see antagonist pathogens with resistance greater than 50% DO 3 replications and a control treatment that uses sterile distilled water. The results of the isolation and identification of endophytic fungal isolates 7 include isolates ET 1 (Aspergillus sp.), Isolate ET 2 (Penicillium sp.), 3 ET isolates (Aspergillus sp.1), isolates ET 4 (Trichoderma) sp. Isolate ET5 (Fusarium sp.), Isolates ET6 (Penicillium sp. 1), and not identify is ET7. Isolates endophytic fungus has the highest inhibitory effects against pathogenic fungi U. scitaminea that has Trichoderma sp with inhibitory capacity of 72 22%, followed by isolates fungus Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp.1 with the inhibition of respectively 52.94% and 61.91%. All three are hampered by an antagonistic mechanism characterized by the presence of space competition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/829/051811039 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Jamur Endofit, Tanaman Tebu, Saccharum Officinarum L, Jamur Ustilago Scitaminea, Luka Api, Tanaman Tebu |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control > 632.95 Pesticides > 632.952 Fungicides |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Feb 2019 02:04 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 16:33 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13846 |
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