Amrullah, Rizki Abi (2018) Evaluasi Interaksi Genotip X Lingkungan Karakter Agronomi Dan Hasil Beberapa Calon Varietas Jagung Hibrida (Zea Mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung (Zea mays L.) ialah tanaman pangan terpenting ketiga di dunia setelah gandum dan padi. Perakitan dan pemanfaatan varietas memberikan peningkatan hasil produksi biji sebesar 28%. Karakter agronomi dan hasil menjadi sifat kuantitatif dengan pengaruh atau interaksi lingkungan cukup tinggi. Evaluasi interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan adaptasi pada berbagai kondisi lingkungan sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi potensi hasil tertinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini diantaranya, untuk mengevaluasi interaksi genotip x lingkungan karakter agronomi dan hasil calon varietas jagung hibrida pada dua agroekologi lahan kering. Untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter agronomi dan hasil dari calon varietas jagung hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Srikaton, Kecamatan Sukoharjo dan Desa Enggalrejo Kecamatan Adiluwih Kabupaten Pringsewu Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Februari - Juni 2018. Alat yang digunakan meliputi timbangan analitik, grain moisture tester, spidol permanen, sprayer, kamera digital dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu alfaboard, 7 genotip jagung hibrida, tiga varietas pembanding P-21, PERTIWI-3, dan BISI 18, urea dan NPK, pestisida dan air. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu umur silking, anthesis silking interval, tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, husk cover, panjang tongkol, unfilled cob tip, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris biji, bobot per tongkol, bobot pipilan tongkol, bobot 100 biji, bobot tongkol, bobot gelondong, rendemen, potensi hasil. Analisis ragam berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok tiap lokasi dan analisis ragam gabungan. Uji kehomogenan dua ragam dilakukan menggunakan uji F. Karakter yang memiliki ragam homogen dapat dilakukan analisis ragam gabungan. Analisis ragam gabungan dilakukan menggunakan Uji-F untuk mengentahui interaksi genotip lingkungan. Uji lanjut yang digunakan yaitu Uji BNJ 5%. Interaksi genotip x lingkungan menunjukan nilai signifikan (p<0.05) pada karakter umur silking, jumlah daun, husk cover, panjang tongkol, bobot 100 biji, bobot gelondong, dan potensi hasil. Perbedaan signifikan pada nilai kuadrat tengah menunjukan adanya perbedaan respon diantara dua lokasi penelitian. Heritabilitas dalam arti luas ialah nilai proporsi genetik terhadap fenotip. Nilai duga heritabilitas yang diamati memiliki kisaran nilai 31.37 - 99.85 %. Variabel dengan nilai heritabilitas tinggi ialah tinggi tanaman, umur silking, panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah daun, umur panen, unfilled cob tip, bobot tongkol, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris, bobot pipilan, dan rendemen. UB3 menjadi genotip dengan skor tertinggi di dua lokasi serta gabungan lokasi. Sedangkan UB2 menjadi genotip dengan skor terendah yang berada dibawah nilai skor tiga genotip pembanding. Pada analisis adaptabilitas 7 genotip dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu varietas genotip uji UB2, UB3 dan UB4 adaptif pada lingungan yang menguntungkan. Genotip uji UB1, UB5, UB6 dan UB7 adaptif pada lingkungan yang terbatas.
English Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important food crop in the world after wheat and rice. The assembly and utilization of hybrid maize provides an increase seed production up to 28%. Agronomic and yield characters become quantitative traits with high environmental influences. Evaluation of genotype environtment interactions is important to determine adaptation of new hybrid to various environmental conditions and could identify the highest yield potential. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction of agronomic and yield characters from new hybrid maize varieties on two dry land agroecology. To obtain information on genetic diversity and heritability of agronomic and yield characters from new hybrid maize varieties. The study was condoucted in Srikaton Village, Sukoharjo District and Enggalrejo Village, Adiluwih District, Pringsewu Regency, Lampung Province. The study was conducted from February to June 2018. The tools are used included, analytical scale, grain moisture tester, permanent marker, sprayer, digital camera and stationery. The materials are used label paper, alphaboard, 7 hybrid corn genotypes, three comparative varieties P-21, PERTIWI-3, and BISI 18, fertilizer, urea and NPK, pesticides and water. The study were used a randomized block design (RBD), with 3 replications. The variables were observed day of silking, anthesis silking interval, plant height, ear height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, husk cover, ear length, unfilled cob tip, ear diameter, number of seed rows, weight per ear, ear weight, weight of 100 seeds, weight of cob, weights, yield, potential yield. Analysis of variance based on randomized group design of each location and mixed variance analysis. Two variance homogeneity tests is analyzed by F test. Characters that have homogeneous variability can be used in mixed variances analysis. Combined variance analysis was performed using the F-Test to identify the interaction of environmental genotypes. The Signification test is used 5% BNJ Test. Genotypic x environment interaction showed significant values (p <0.05) on the character day of silking, number of leaves, husk cover, ear length, weight of 100 seeds, yield and grain yield potential. Significant differences in mean square values indicate differences in responses between the two study sites. Heritability in the broad sense is the value of genetic proportion to the phenotype. Estimated value of heritability observed has a range of 31.37 - 99.85%. Variables with high heritability values are plant height, day of silking, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, age of harvest, unfilled cob tip, ear weight, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows, ear weight, and yield. UB3 became the genotype with the highest score in two locations and a combination of locations. Whereas UB2 became the lowest score of the genotype which was below three comparison genotypes. In the adaptability analysis of 7 genotypes can be grouped into 2, namely adaptive genotypic varieties of UB2, UB3 and UB4 in the optimal environment. Genotypes of UB1, UB5, UB6 and UB7 are adaptive to limited environments.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/794/051810687 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | aize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important food crop in the world, corn breeding |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.67 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Mar 2019 08:38 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 16:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13617 |
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